Causas da pobreza, meritocracia e igualdade

Abstract

Considerando que as crenças são mediadas socialmente por convenções culturais, o presente trabalho é um levantamento de dados que segue uma abordagem semiótica baseada na teoria dos códigos para interpretar padrões de explicação de causas da pobreza a partir de crenças meritocráticas e sobre igualdade. 1.233 adolescentes brasileiros completaram um questionário com sentenças sobre essas temáticas. Uma análise de clusters permitiu identificar um código individualista da pobreza com base em crenças meritocráticas e um código sócio-estruturalista que se baseia também em posições igualitárias. Discute-se que valores de igualdade contrapõem-se a uma ideologia meritocrática para condicionar interpretações sociais da pobreza.

Questioning the Fundamental Right to the Material Equality: Do the Exceptional Cases Justify the Ultraliberal Meritocracy?

“…This is an ideological current closely linked to the concept of poverty, which can be defined as a structural problem marked by an unequal and uneven allocation of economic resources among the individuals that are part of a society, which causes insufficient access to basic needs, such as food, housing, infrastructure in general, schooling, health and working conditions. In the meantime, it is emphasized that poverty cannot be generalized as a single phenomenon and always of the same depth and degree, insofar as it varies according to the severity of the scarcity of the aforementioned factors (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020). Meanwhile, the literature explains that meritocracy, at least its most extreme version, tries to justify poverty on the grounds that the material conditions enjoyed by an individual are deserved by him and compatible and corresponding to his levels of merit, effort and of skill undertaken in obtaining such conditions (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020).…”

“…In the meantime, it is emphasized that poverty cannot be generalized as a single phenomenon and always of the same depth and degree, insofar as it varies according to the severity of the scarcity of the aforementioned factors (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020). Meanwhile, the literature explains that meritocracy, at least its most extreme version, tries to justify poverty on the grounds that the material conditions enjoyed by an individual are deserved by him and compatible and corresponding to his levels of merit, effort and of skill undertaken in obtaining such conditions (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020). Thus, following the same line, it can be defined as "a set of values that postulates that the positions of individuals in society should be a consequence of the merit of each one, that is, the public recognition of the quality of individual achievements" (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020: p. 4).…”

“…Due to this type of justification, supporters of a meritocratic ideology tend to be more conniving and tolerant of social inequality, since it is supposedly justi-fiable by individual effort, an orientation that, by the way, is in line with an individualist conception of poverty and it is based on the difference among individuals, exactly the opposite of what egalitarianism preaches, which tends to a socializing and structuring interpretation of poverty (Wachelke, Guarato, Silva, & Vieira, 2020).…”

Desigualdades educacionais:

“…A meritocracia é uma força para dar liga aos ideais de dominação dos burgueses. Não existe mérito, quando há assimetrias entre os indivíduos, sobretudo das classes trabalhadoras, os pobres(WACHELKE et al, 2020). grau, que atualmente seria o Ensino Fundamental.…”