Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

Abstract

Crude biodiesel is biodiesel that still contains impurities. A catalytic can improve the quality of biohydrocarbons (biogasoline, biokerosene, and green diesel). The catalyst used is nickel oxide impregnated natural zeolite (NiO/Zeolite). The use of nickel can increase the activity of the catalyst because it has an empty d orbital and a smaller molecular size. This study aims to determine the best catalyst that can exhibit the greatest selectivity toward biohydrocarbons. Natural zeolite was activated and impregnated by varying the concentration of NiO (1, 3, and 5% w/w). The characteristics of the catalyst were determined by the crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction), surface area (Surface Area Analyzer), and functional group (Fourier Transform Infrared). The catalyst and crude biodiesel were put in an autoclave reactor and operated at a temperature of 375°C and 3 hours. The obtained product was tested with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results of the XRD analysis showed the presence of NiO at 2θ 37.23; 43.15; and 62.65°. Nickel oxide on the catalyst was detected at a wavenumber of 671.23 cm‑1. The highest surface area was obtained at a NiO/Zeolite 1% of 49.4 m2/g. 1% NiO/Zeolite catalysts gave the best results on catalytic cracking of crude biodiesel with a reaction conversion of 60.79% and selectivity of 9,73%; 29,64% and 9,18% for biogasoline, biokerosene, and green diesel, respectively.

Catalytic Cracking of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate with NaOH and KOH Catalyst Supported by Gamma Alumina

“…The biofuel product produced through the cracking process of palm fatty acid distillate using a NaOH/-Al2O3 catalyst and a KOH/-Al2O3 catalyst contains various hydrocarbon compounds, so gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis is carried out. Biofuels are classified based on their constituent hydrocarbon chains, which are biogasoline (C5-C15) dan biodiesel (C16-C22) (Aziz et al, 2021a ;Onlamnao and Tippayawong, 2020;Ibarra et al, 2019). Then calculate the selectivity of the catalyst for the type of biofuel produced by using equation ( 2).…”

Perengkahan Katalitik Distilat Asam Lemak Minyak Sawit (DALMs) menggunakan Katalis HCl Berpenyangga Gamma Alumina

“…Komponen senyawa yang terkandung pada produk dianalisa menggunakan GC-MS. Kemudian dihitung persentase selektivitasnya menggunakan persamaan (2) serta dilakukan pengelompokan komponen senyawa berdasarkan jenisnya yaitu biogasoline (C 5 -C 11 ), biokerosin (C 12 -C 15 ) dan biodiesel (C 16 -C 20 ) [18].…”

Synthesis of magnetite using petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract with ultrasonic waves as reusable catalysts for biodiesel production from waste frying oil

“…Heterogeneous catalysts are the right choice to replace homogeneous and enzymatic catalysts [8,9]. This catalyst is insoluble in alcohol, so that it can be easily separated [1].…”