Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

The Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboxytelomerization of Butadiene with Agrobased Alcohols and Polyols

“…It was thus used to promote the catalytic conversion of bio-based monoalcohols through the 3 93 4P(2,4,6-(OMe) 3 C 6 H 2 ) 3 < 1 5P(2,4,6-Me 3 C 6 H 2 ) 3 < 1 6P(C 6 F 5 ) 3 < 1 7dppb [ carboxytelomerization reaction (Table 3). Glycerol is at riol that can be readilyc onverted into am onoalcohol by protecting two hydroxyl groups through the formation of an acetal with acetone( as solketal) [15] or carbonate (as glycerolc arbonate). [16] Thus, solketal was reacted and efficiently converted through carboxytelomerization to the corresponding unsaturated ester with 81 %i solated yield ( Table 3, entry 1).…”

Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants

“…Glycerol is an inexpensive byproduct of biodiesel production and has emerged as an attractive platform molecule for the production of fuels and specialty chemicals. As mentioned in the introduction, the valorization of glycerol through acetalization, dehydration to acrolein, conversion to 1,3‐propanediol, and other methods has been studied and reviewed extensively; therefore, we will only highlight a few examples of glycerol valorization to fuels and lubricants via direct etherification using solid‐acid catalysts.…”

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

“…We studied the reductive conversion of solketal (the best known glycerol derivative) into a mixture of GIPEs. Solketal is a convenient intermediate in the chemistry of glycerol: it can be easily prepared by the ketalization of glycerol, it has a free hydroxyl group, which makes it possible to perform selective alkylation (acylation), and the protective ketal group can be readily removed by acid hydrolysis.…”

“…Because there are no reliable data on glycerol etherification with isopropanol (particularly the reaction regioselectivity) in the scientific literature, we performed the direct alkylation of glycerolw ith isopropanol over an Am-berlyst36i on-exchange resin, which is as uitable catalyst for glyceroletherification. [2,13,17,20,44] We studied the reductivec onversion of solketal( the best known glycerol derivative) [1,[45][46][47][48] into am ixture of GIPEs.S olketal is ac onvenient intermediate in the chemistry of glycerol:i t can be easily prepared by the ketalization of glycerol, it has af ree hydroxyl group, which makes it possible to perform selective alkylation (acylation), and the protective ketal group can be readily removed by acid hydrolysis. Solketali ss oluble in hydrocarbons, and it possesses ah igh octane number, [49,50] its viscosity is lower and its volatility is considerably higher than those of glycerol;t herefore, it is ap otentialf uel component.…”