Catalysis by Polymers

Thermo-responsive Ruthenium Dendrimer-based Catalysts for Hydrogenation of the Aromatic Compounds and Phenols

“…Thus, Rh-PVP complexes appeared to be active in the linear and cyclic alkenes hydrogenation in both alcohol and wateralcohol media [2]. Herein, the replacement of ethanol or methanol by more hydrophobic and viscous 1-propanol resulted in the noticeable decrease in the reaction rate.…”

“…Rh/PVP allowed selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone under the ambient temperature and pressure [3,23]. Pd/PVP catalysts were effective in hydrogenation of some linear and cyclic dienes (especially cyclopentadiene and 1,3-cyclihexadiene), being essentially superior both in activity and selectivity in comparison with conventional Pd/C [2,24].…”

“…The wild application is typical for the catalysts, based on the poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) [2,14,[20][21][22]. Thus, Rh-PVP complexes appeared to be active in the linear and cyclic alkenes hydrogenation in both alcohol and wateralcohol media [2].…”

“…Polymer-based catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation [1][2][3][4][5], oxidation [1,2,6,7], hydroformylation [4,8,9], cross-coupling [4,[10][11][12] and metathesis processes [4], in spite of fact that their application is still limited by academic studies. The main advantage of polymer-based catalysts is a combination of merits for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, such as high activity, solubility in the reaction medium and recyclability [1,2].…”

“…The main advantage of polymer-based catalysts is a combination of merits for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, such as high activity, solubility in the reaction medium and recyclability [1,2]. The last one is also attained due to the polymers unique properties, those are polymeric chain folding and, as a consequence, catalyst sedimentation in the presence of ''bad'' solvents [2,6,7,11,12] or when the temperature rises or falls, after the critical solution points have been passed [5]. Another merit of many polymeric catalysts is their amphiphilic nature, favourable for the reactions carried out under the two-phase conditions [9,13,14].…”