Cashew gum: a new depressor for limestone in the phosphate minerals flotation

Ribeiro, Roberto Carlos da Conceição; Correia, Julio Cesar Guedes; Monte, Marisa Bezerra de Mello; Seidl, Peter Rudolf; Mothé, Cheila G.; Lima, Clara Amorim Pontes Correia

doi:10.1016/s0892-6875(03)00208-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Sodium oleate was generally employed as a reagent for calcite direct flotation from calcite-apatite or calcitescheelite ores (Abouzeid and Elgillani 2009;Elgillani 1978;Prasad et al 1994;Castro and Calero 1993;Castro et al 1996;Ribeiro et al 2003;Abdel-Khalek 2000;Rao et al 1985;Jena et al 2013;Santos et al 2015). Later, due to the complexity of several ores, few modifiers and depressants were employed to facilitate the flotation process.…”

Section: Anionic Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly used modifier was sodium silicate (Prasad et al 1994;Jena et al 2013), sodium hexa-metaphosphate (Schubert et al 1990;Gibson et al 2015), and hydrated/ acidified sodium silicate (Zhou and Lu 1992;Martinez et al 2000). A few studies have also reported the unconventional depressants, such as cashew gum (Ribeiro et al 2003), when it was used as a depressant for calcite, and 70-80% calcite was recovered as tailings. Similarly, Ozcan et al (1994) used quebracho as a depressant for separation of scheelite and calcite at pH 8-8.5, which also catalyzed in the presence of the collector oleoyl sarcosine.…”

Section: Anionic Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Calcite Recovery by Flotation

2020

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In general, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is used as a mineral filler in paper industries; while natural calcite (CaCO3) ore is also suitable for industrial use if it is a finely ground high-grade material. Naturally, calcite is found in the form of high- or low-grade ores and it is one of the most widely distributed industrial minerals on the earth’s crust. However, it is rarely found in its pure form and is generally associated with other gangue minerals; the type and percentage of which vary from one deposit to another. These minerals are generally separated by flotation and/or magnetic separation (in the case of iron impurities). Calcite ores typically contain metal sulphide, silicate, or other calcium-containing impurity minerals, which can be removed by flotation. A tremendous amount of research has been performed on refining the flotation process for calcite ores and designing the reagents (specifically, collectors) to increase the efficiency of the process. Metal sulphide/silicate impurity minerals can be removed by the froth-flotation process using amines and xanthate collectors. Alternatively, fatty acids are used as collectors to float calcium-type minerals directly from the ore. This paper reviews the industrial practices and fundamental research related to collectors surrounding calcite ore flotation. This article presents and reviews collectors for the beneficiation of high-grade calcite ores which have been reported in the literature in order to assist judicial choice of collecting agents in flotation.

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Section: Anionic Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anionic Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Calcite Recovery by Flotation

2020

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“…Silicate minerals Sodium silicate [36,52] Sodium and calcium lignin sulfonates [53] Copolymers or terpolymers derived from acrylamide units and N-acrylamidoglycolic acid units [54] Carbonate minerals Carboxymethyl cellulose, citric acid, naphtyl anthyl sulfonates [42] β-naphthyl sulfonate formaldehyde condensate [43] Phosphate minerals Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate [46,47] Sodium tripolyphosphate, fluosilicic acid, diphosphonic acid, starch [50] Cashew gum [55] Sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid [46,56] Alkyl phosphate acids, hydrofluoric acid [57,58] Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate [59] Cellulase enzyme [60] Iron/aluminum sulfate, tartaric acid [61,62] 3.2.2. Collectors…”

Section: Mineral To Be Depressed Name Of Depressant Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Beneficiation Techniques and Reagents Used for Phosphate Ores

Ruan

Chi

2019

Minerals

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Phosphate ore is an important raw material for manufacturing fertilizers and phosphorous chemical products. While most of the phosphate resources cannot be directly treated as feed stock due to the low grade of P2O5 and high content of impurities. In order to obtain a qualified phosphate concentrate, the beneficiation of the low-grade phosphate ore is, hence, of great necessity. Many beneficiation techniques can be employed to upgrade the P2O5 grade of phosphate ores based on their characteristics in chemical composition and texture. The flotation process is most widely applied to balance the P2O5 recovery ratio and cost. In this review, the dominant techniques for the beneficiation of phosphate ores are introduced. Moreover, the factors that affect the flotation of phosphate ore, including the properties of mineralogy, flotation reagents (depressants and collectors) and flotation medium, were systematically analyzed.

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“…The performance of corn starches was consistently superior to that of those reagents [53], [54]. The depressing ability of starch and ethyl cellulose appears to be related to steric compatibility between the positions of cations present on the mineral surface and hydroxyl groups within the molecular structure of reagents [52].…”

Section: Mechanical Flotation Cells Column Flotationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mining and Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore

Ptáček¹

2016

Apatites and Their Synthetic Analogues - Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications

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The first commercial production of phosphate rock began in England in 1847. A wide variety of techniques and equipment is used to mine and process phosphate rocks in order to beneficiate low-grade ores and remove impurities. The eighth chapter of this book deals with mining and beneficiation of phosphate ore. The principle and operating conditions of important parts of manufacturing process including separation, classification, removing of carbonates, calcination and flotation was described. The chapter ends with description of techniques used for extraction of rare earth element. phosphates are very similar. The separation by physical means becomes even impossible when the carbonate minerals are finely disseminated into the phosphate particles. KeywordsAn alternative technique for the beneficiation of these ores is the calcination. Calcination is the process of heating the ore to a high temperature ranging from 800 to 1000°C to decompose CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 to CaO, MgO and gaseous CO 2 . The CaO and MgO formed are then removed as hydroxides by quenching the calcined product in water and washing. The most common chemical reagent used to enhance the removal of calcium and magnesium hydroxides is ammonium chloride.Chemical dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) from calcareous phosphate ores, without the calcination, using organic acids also proved to be capable of beneficiating the calcareous phosphate ores on the laboratory scale.4. Phosphate ores associated with organic matter (black or brown phosphates): ores of this type are generally beneficiated by heating the ore up to about 800°C. This type of calcination burns organic material and residual organic carbon without significantly affecting the superior qualities of sedimentary phosphates such as the solubility and reactivity.Furthermore, as a result of low calcination temperature, the reduction of calcium sulfate, present in ore, to corrosive calcium sulfide by the organic matter is minimized. During the burning of organic matter, the following two conditions must be kept: organic carbon must be decreased to less than 0.3% to minimize the gassing in the wet phosphoric acid processing, and apatite CO 2 must be maintained at a level close to 2% to allow good reactivity of calcined product.5. Phosphate ores containing more than one type of gangue minerals: many sedimentary phosphate deposits contain mixtures of undesired constituents. These ores require a series of beneficiating operations during their processing depending on the type of gangue minerals present in each ore. This may include, after the size reduction, the combination of attrition scrubbing, desliming, flotation, gravity separation and/or calcination. Each flow sheet is to be designed after thorough characterization and testing of a representative sample of the exploited ore.Igneous and metamorphic phosphate ores: the main gangue materials in these ores are sulfides, magnetite, carbonates (calcite, dolomite, siderite and ankerite), nepheline syenite, pyroxenite, foskorite,...

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Cashew gum: a new depressor for limestone in the phosphate minerals flotation

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

An Overview of Calcite Recovery by Flotation

An Overview of Calcite Recovery by Flotation

Review on Beneficiation Techniques and Reagents Used for Phosphate Ores

Mining and Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore

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