Case report of prolactin and bipolar illness: A longitudinal study

Subclinical symptoms in mood disorders: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications

“…Such processes may have biological correlates, e.g. hormonal (Fava et al 1985 ;Vieta et al 1997). The prediction of depressive relapse in a remitted bipolar patient by CRF challenge test (Vieta et al 1997) parallels that achieved by psychometric methods (Strakowski et al 1993).…”

Subclinical symptoms in mood disorders: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications

“…Such processes may have biological correlates, e.g. hormonal (Fava et al 1985 ;Vieta et al 1997). The prediction of depressive relapse in a remitted bipolar patient by CRF challenge test (Vieta et al 1997) parallels that achieved by psychometric methods (Strakowski et al 1993).…”

Chronobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Therapeutic Implication

“…During depression, PRL circadian rhythm (a daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-h intervals) was found to have a phase-advance and a reduction of its amplitude [30]. Moreover, even though increased levels of PRL were shown to precede a manic or hypomanic attack for a few weeks and to be present in a mixed state of rapid cyclers [31], no alteration in PRL levels was found during depression.…”

The Clinical Science of Euthymia: A Conceptual Map

“…Euthymia was defined essentially in negative terms, as lack of a certain intensity of mood symptoms, and not as the presence of specific positive features. The term also failed to acknowledge that studies on mood disorders with longitudinal designs have reported considerable fluctuations in psychological distress, suggesting that the illness remained active [8, 9], and that residual symptomatology was exceedingly common in both bipolar and unipolar mood disorders [8].…”

Subclinical symptoms in mood disorders: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications

“…Such processes may have biological correlates, e.g. hormonal (Fava et al 1985 ;Vieta et al 1997). The prediction of depressive relapse in a remitted bipolar patient by CRF challenge test (Vieta et al 1997) parallels that achieved by psychometric methods (Strakowski et al 1993).…”

Chronobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Therapeutic Implication

“…During depression, PRL circadian rhythm (a daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-h intervals) was found to have a phase-advance and a reduction of its amplitude [30]. Moreover, even though increased levels of PRL were shown to precede a manic or hypomanic attack for a few weeks and to be present in a mixed state of rapid cyclers [31], no alteration in PRL levels was found during depression.…”

The Clinical Science of Euthymia: A Conceptual Map

“…Euthymia was defined essentially in negative terms, as lack of a certain intensity of mood symptoms, and not as the presence of specific positive features. The term also failed to acknowledge that studies on mood disorders with longitudinal designs have reported considerable fluctuations in psychological distress, suggesting that the illness remained active [8, 9], and that residual symptomatology was exceedingly common in both bipolar and unipolar mood disorders [8].…”

Subclinical symptoms in mood disorders: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications

“…Such processes may have biological correlates, e.g. hormonal (Fava et al 1985 ;Vieta et al 1997). The prediction of depressive relapse in a remitted bipolar patient by CRF challenge test (Vieta et al 1997) parallels that achieved by psychometric methods (Strakowski et al 1993).…”

Chronobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Therapeutic Implication

“…During depression, PRL circadian rhythm (a daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-h intervals) was found to have a phase-advance and a reduction of its amplitude [30]. Moreover, even though increased levels of PRL were shown to precede a manic or hypomanic attack for a few weeks and to be present in a mixed state of rapid cyclers [31], no alteration in PRL levels was found during depression.…”

The Clinical Science of Euthymia: A Conceptual Map

“…Euthymia was defined essentially in negative terms, as lack of a certain intensity of mood symptoms, and not as the presence of specific positive features. The term also failed to acknowledge that studies on mood disorders with longitudinal designs have reported considerable fluctuations in psychological distress, suggesting that the illness remained active [8, 9], and that residual symptomatology was exceedingly common in both bipolar and unipolar mood disorders [8].…”