Case Report: Coronavirus Disease and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Report of Two Cases

Farias, Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha; Moreira, Ana Livia Gomes; Correa, E.; Lima, Cicero Allan Landim de Oliveira; Lopes, Isadora Maria Praciano; Holanda, Pablo Eliack Linhares de; Nunes, Fernanda Remígio; Neto, Roberto da Justa Pires

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0737

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Thus, 84 studies finally met our inclusion criteria ( Supplementary File S3 ), three of them reporting a detailed description of cases with the three concomitant infections: HIV, TB, and SARS-CoV-2 ( Supplementary File S4 ) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed description of the five cases is depicted in Supplementary File S4 , with their main characteristics shown in Table 1 . Four out of the total five ones were published in American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [ 38 , 39 ]. The cases reported were from Brazil ( n = 2), Morocco ( n = 1) and Panama ( n = 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of COVID-19 was coincident with the detection of the other infections in three out of the five cases. When HIV condition was previously known, there was not adherence to any antiretroviral therapy [ 38 ]. TB status was known in two patients, with a previous TB treatment including rifampicin and isoniazid for one of them [ 39 ], whereas no tuberculostatic was indicated for the other patient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, HCQ and CQ were proposed as treatment for COVID-19 also in the dawn of this pandemic, but recent clinical studies on COVID-19 patients treated with CQ/HCQ and AZM led to controversial results because of their inefficacy and adverse side effects [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. All the patients in the cases series reviewed were completely recovered though ( Supplementary File S4 ) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In four out of five cases, the clinical assessments to investigate COVID-19 facilitated the identification of pre-existing TB and/or HIV. HIV and TB co-infection was known but uncontrolled in only one case [ 38 ]. In addition, both infections were previously unidentified and simultaneously diagnosed in two out of all cases [ 37 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

González-Domenech

Pérez-Hernández²,

Gómez-Ayerbe

et al. 2021

Viruses

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By the middle of 2021, we are still immersed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The concurrence of this new pandemic in regions where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections possess the same epidemiological consideration, has arisen concerns about the prognosis, clinical management, symptomatology, and treatment of patients with triple infection. At the same time, healthcare services previously devoted to diagnosis and treatment of TB and HIV are being jeopardized by the urgent need of resources and attention for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review was to collect any article considering the three conditions (HIV, TB, and SARS-CoV-2), included in PubMed/Medline and published in the English language since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on detailed descriptions of the unusual cases describing the three co-infections. Eighty-four out of 184 publications retrieved met our inclusion criteria, but only three of them reported cases (five in total) with the three concomitant infections. The clinical evolution, management, and therapy of all of them were not different from mild/severe cases with exclusive COVID-19; the outcome was not worse either, with recovery for the five patients. Cases of patients with COVID-19 besides HIV and TB infections are scarce in literature, but studies deliberately embracing the triple infection as a priori inclusion criterion should be carried out in order to provide a complete understanding of joint influence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

González-Domenech

Pérez-Hernández²,

Gómez-Ayerbe

et al. 2021

Viruses

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COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports

2021

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Treatment of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a complicated challenge, especially among patients with severe disease. In recent studies, immunosuppressive therapy has shown promising results for control of the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in severe cases of COVID-19. However, it is well documented that immunosuppressive agents ( e.g., corticosteroids and cytokine blockers) increase the risk of opportunistic infections. On the other hand, several opportunistic infections were reported in COVID-19 patients, including Aspergillus spp . , Candida spp . , Cryptococcus neoformans , Pneumocystis jiroveci ( carinii ), mucormycosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Strongyloides stercoralis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii . This review is a snapshot about the main opportunistic infections that reported among COVID-19 patients. As such, we summarized information about the main immunosuppressive agents that were used in recent clinical trials for COVID-19 patients and the risk of opportunistic infections following these treatments. We also discussed about the main challenges regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections (CAOIs). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10238-021-00751-7.

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Tuberculosis and HIV responses threatened by nCOVID-19: A situation prompting an in silico investigation of reported MbtA inhibitors for combined inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-TB co-infection

Rakshit

Jayaprakash

2022

Struct Chem

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The menace of infectious diseases has constantly been a reason of concern for humankind since time immemorial. As evident by the name, infectious diseases can infect a huge population within a short period, leading to an eruption of pandemics and epidemics. The present human era is fortunate enough to have a wide array of readily available drugs that help cure and prevent various diseases. Moreover, the scientific community has always responded to the needs of society through its drug discovery and development programs. The co-existence of multiple diseases calls forth the scientific community to design and develop drugs that could have a broad spectrum of activity. In this perspective, our goal was to investigate the potential of reported MbtA inhibitors (antitubercular molecules) in inhibiting HIV-1 RT and nCovid-19-RdRp and eventually leading to the identification of a multi-targeted ligand (triple co-infection inhibitor). In this study, the primary success was attained by capitalizing on the structure-based virtual screening drug discovery approach. Results were quite promising. Molecular docking results showed that GV17 interacted strongly with the active site residues of both the target proteins (HIV-1 RT and nCOVID-19-RdRp). Moreover, the docking score of GV17 was more than that of the internal ligands of both the target proteins, which indicates a firm binding. Molecular dynamics further validated these results as identical amino acid residues were observed in the protein's docked pose with the ligand. The detailed atomic interactions of ligand GV17 with the protein residues have been discussed. Overall, the protein-ligand complexes remained stable throughout the simulation, and the system's backbone fluctuations were modest. MM-GBSA analysis revealed free binding energy of − 72.30 ± 7.85 kcal/mol and − 65.40 ± 7.25 kcal/mol for 1RT2 and 7BV2, respectively. The more negative binding energy indicates a stronger affinity of GV17 with both the receptors. GV17 also gave satisfactory predictive in silico ADMET results. Overall, this computational study identified GV17 as a potential HIT molecule and findings can open up a new avenue to explore and develop inhibitors against nCOVID-19-HIV-TB triple-infections.

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Case Report: Coronavirus Disease and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Report of Two Cases

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports

Tuberculosis and HIV responses threatened by nCOVID-19: A situation prompting an in silico investigation of reported MbtA inhibitors for combined inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-TB co-infection

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