Cascading failures in multiple infrastructures: From transportation to communication network

Modelling Dependencies Between Critical Infrastructures

“…Such changes in behavior may consequently affect infrastructures or networks in a different way than the one initially perceived. A disruption in the transportation sector may cascade to wireless communication networks [5], due to alterations on calling patterns and activities, which may affect the load on wireless networks and cause disruptions in communication.…”

“…In many application scenarios, however, it is more useful to consider a discrete-time representation of [5]. Given a sampling rate Ts, a discrete time model can be obtained approximating the derivative with the incremental ratio.…”

Behavioural Observation for Critical Infrastructure Security Support

“…All of these examples demonstrate the potential damage to critical infrastructures and reflect the need to remain at least one step ahead of potential threats, whatever their source [21]. However, failures are not always the result of changing environmental conditions and can often be the result of human error [22] and cyber-attacks.…”

“…In addition to the threat of failure to an individual critical infrastructure, there is a risk that one failure can escalate rapidly [22]. This is as a direct result of the close interconnectivity of the infrastructures with each other and the many facets of life which depend on them [25].…”

Interdependencies between Critical Infrastructures: Analyzing the Risk of Cascading Effects

“…Social dependencies may refer, for example, to the changes in individual behavior during a crisis, which may consequently affect various infrastructures or networks. For example, a disruption in the transportation sector may cascade in wireless communication networks [3]. Although the identification of first-order interdependencies may be sufficient, in order to assess the risks of a particular CI, they may fail to capture cascading risks in a macroscopic level.…”