Cascade Reactions in Multicompartmentalized Polymersomes

Peters, Ruud J. R. W.; Marguet, Maïté; Marais, Sébastien; Fraaije, Marco W.; Hest, Jan C. M. van; Lecommandoux, Sébastien

doi:10.1002/anie.201308141

Cited by 486 publications

(421 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As was found previously, this is significantly higher than statistical encapsulation and is possibly due to a templating effect. 8,15 The protein profiles for the released enzymes were furthermore comparable with bulk enzyme solutions and indicate a similar enzyme composition inside the nanoreactors (Figure 3B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

A Compartmentalized Out-of-Equilibrium Enzymatic Reaction Network for Sustained Autonomous Movement

et al. 2016

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Every living cell is a compartmentalized out-of-equilibrium system exquisitely able to convert chemical energy into function. In order to maintain homeostasis, the flux of metabolites is tightly controlled by regulatory enzymatic networks. A crucial prerequisite for the development of lifelike materials is the construction of synthetic systems with compartmentalized reaction networks that maintain out-of-equilibrium function. Here, we aim for autonomous movement as an example of the conversion of feedstock molecules into function. The flux of the conversion is regulated by a rationally designed enzymatic reaction network with multiple feedforward loops. By compartmentalizing the network into bowl-shaped nanocapsules the output of the network is harvested as kinetic energy. The entire system shows sustained and tunable microscopic motion resulting from the conversion of multiple external substrates. The successful compartmentalization of an out-of-equilibrium reaction network is a major first step in harnessing the design principles of life for construction of adaptive and internally regulated lifelike systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

A Compartmentalized Out-of-Equilibrium Enzymatic Reaction Network for Sustained Autonomous Movement

et al. 2016

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“…1, 2 Due to their mechanical stability, 1, 3, 4 capacity for additional functionalization, and lower permeability, 5 polymersomes offer significant advantages over other bilayer vesicle in encapsulating and transporting enzymes, 6, 7 proteins, 8, 9 drugs, 9–14 and biomedical imaging and diagnostics. 15–18 Furthermore, the interior compartment of polymersomes has been engineered to serve as a micro-environment for protein expression, 8 gene expression, 19 and enzymatic reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15–18 Furthermore, the interior compartment of polymersomes has been engineered to serve as a micro-environment for protein expression, 8 gene expression, 19 and enzymatic reaction. 6, 7, 20–23 Blending each of these functions into different compartments within polymersomes could potentially lead to the development of protocells that mimic the metabolism, 6 enzymatic activity, 6, 7, 20–22, 24 and communications of real cells. 6, 8, 21, 25 …”

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confidence: 99%

Enzymatically triggered rupture of polymersomes

et al. 2016

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Polymersomes are robust vesicles made from amphiphilic block co-polymers. Large populations of uniform giant polymersomes with defined, entrapped species can be made by templating of double-emulsions using microfluidics. In the present study, a series of two enzymatic reactions, one inside and the other outside of a polymersome, were designed to give rise to induced rupture of polymersomes. We measured how the kinetics of rupture were affected by altering enzyme concentration. These results suggest that protocells with entrapped enzymes can be engineered to secrete entrapped materials on cue.

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“…They also act as biocatalytic nanoreactors and as simple mimics of the eukaryotic cell24252627282930. The inner nanocavity of the polymersome is not only important for encapsulation but also provides a physical barrier to protect sensitive encapsulated compounds from degradation in analogy to natural biological systems24.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymersome magneto-valves for reversible capture and release of nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Stomatocytes are polymersomes with an infolded bowl-shaped architecture. This internal cavity is connected to the outside environment via a small ‘mouth’ region. Stomatocytes are assembled from diamagnetic amphiphilic block-copolymers with a highly anisotropic magnetic susceptibility, which permits to magnetically align and deform the polymeric self-assemblies. Here we show the reversible opening and closing of the mouth region of stomatocytes in homogeneous magnetic fields. The control over the size of the opening yields magneto-responsive supramolecular valves that are able to reversibly capture and release cargo. Furthermore, the increase in the size of the opening is gradual and starts at fields below 10 T, which opens the possibility of using these structures for delivery and nanoreactor applications.

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Cascade Reactions in Multicompartmentalized Polymersomes

Cited by 486 publications

References 48 publications

A Compartmentalized Out-of-Equilibrium Enzymatic Reaction Network for Sustained Autonomous Movement

A Compartmentalized Out-of-Equilibrium Enzymatic Reaction Network for Sustained Autonomous Movement

Enzymatically triggered rupture of polymersomes

Polymersome magneto-valves for reversible capture and release of nanoparticles

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