Carotenoid biosynthesis and quality characteristics of new hybrids between tangor (Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis) cv. ‘Murcott’ and sweet orange (C. sinensis) cv. ‘Pêra’

Petry, Fabiane C.; Nadai, Fábio Barufaldi De; Cristofani–Yaly, Mariângela; Latado, Rodrigo Rocha; Mercadante, Adriana Zerlotti

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.035

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another less explored model of carotenoid synthesis occurs in non-climacteric citrus fruits. These fruits belong to different species of the Citrus genus, which shows a wide range of colorations in its peel and pulp due to the different proportions and composition of carotenoids [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 ]. In these fruits, light quality affects dramatically the degreening and carotenoid accumulation in the fruit pericarp.…”

Section: Carotenoid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Plastid Development in Plants: The Role of Light

Quian-Ulloa

Stange

2021

IJMS

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Light is an important cue that stimulates both plastid development and biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants. During photomorphogenesis or de-etiolation, photoreceptors are activated and molecular factors for carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis are induced thereof. In fruits, light is absorbed by chloroplasts in the early stages of ripening, which allows a gradual synthesis of carotenoids in the peel and pulp with the onset of chromoplasts’ development. In roots, only a fraction of light reaches this tissue, which is not required for carotenoid synthesis, but it is essential for root development. When exposed to light, roots start greening due to chloroplast development. However, the colored taproot of carrot grown underground presents a high carotenoid accumulation together with chromoplast development, similar to citrus fruits during ripening. Interestingly, total carotenoid levels decrease in carrots roots when illuminated and develop chloroplasts, similar to normal roots exposed to light. The recent findings of the effect of light quality upon the induction of molecular factors involved in carotenoid synthesis in leaves, fruit, and roots are discussed, aiming to propose consensus mechanisms in order to contribute to the understanding of carotenoid synthesis regulation by light in plants.

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Section: Carotenoid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Plastid Development in Plants: The Role of Light

Quian-Ulloa

Stange

2021

IJMS

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“…1) [8–10, 12, 21, 22]. The flavedo of immature sweet orange shows a carotenoid profile characteristic of chloroplastic-containing tissue being lutein the most abundant carotenoid followed by α- and β-carotenes, and all- trans - violaxanthin, neoxanthin and zeaxanthin [8, 11, 12, 23–25]. At this green or immature stage, the expressions of phytoene synthase ( PSY ), phytoene desaturase ( PDS ) and ζ-carotene desaturase ( ZDS ) genes, involved in the early biosynthetic steps of the pathway (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutant allele of ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) is associated with the yellow pigmentation of the “Pinalate” sweet orange mutant and reveals new insights into its role in fruit carotenogenesis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundFruit coloration is one of the main quality parameters of Citrus fruit primarily determined by genetic factors. The fruit of ordinary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) displays a pleasant orange tint due to accumulation of carotenoids, representing β,β-xanthophylls more than 80% of the total content. ‘Pinalate’ is a spontaneous bud mutant, or somatic mutation, derived from sweet orange ‘Navelate’, characterized by yellow fruits due to elevated proportions of upstream carotenes and reduced β,β-xanthophylls, which suggests a biosynthetic blockage at early steps of the carotenoid pathway.ResultsTo identify the molecular basis of ‘Pinalate’ yellow fruit, a complete characterization of carotenoids profile together with transcriptional changes in carotenoid biosynthetic genes were performed in mutant and parental fruits during development and ripening. ‘Pinalate’ fruit showed a distinctive carotenoid profile at all ripening stages, accumulating phytoene, phytofluene and unusual proportions of 9,15,9′-tri-cis- and 9,9′-di-cis-ζ-carotene, while content of downstream carotenoids was significantly decreased. Transcript levels for most of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes showed no alterations in ‘Pinalate’; however, the steady-state level mRNA of ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), which catalyses the conversion of 9,15,9′-tri-cis- to 9,9′-di-cis-ζ-carotene, was significantly reduced both in ‘Pinalate’ fruit and leaf tissues. Isolation of the ‘Pinalate’ Z-ISO genomic sequence identified a new allele with a single nucleotide insertion at the second exon, which generates an alternative splicing site that alters Z-ISO transcripts encoding non-functional enzyme. Moreover, functional assays of citrus Z-ISO in E.coli showed that light is able to enhance a non-enzymatic isomerization of tri-cis to di-cis-ζ-carotene, which is in agreement with the partial rescue of mutant phenotype when ‘Pinalate’ fruits are highly exposed to light during ripening.ConclusionA single nucleotide insertion has been identified in ‘Pinalate’ Z-ISO gene that results in truncated proteins. This causes a bottleneck in the carotenoid pathway with an unbalanced content of carotenes upstream to β,β-xanthophylls in fruit tissues. In chloroplastic tissues, the effects of Z-ISO alteration are mainly manifested as a reduction in total carotenoid content. Taken together, our results indicate that the spontaneous single nucleotide insertion in Z-ISO is the molecular basis of the yellow pigmentation in ‘Pinalate’ sweet orange and points this isomerase as an essential activity for carotenogenesis in citrus fruits.

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“…However, this high volume of juice production generates a large amount of waste. The orange peel in turn, can represent an interesting source of carotenoids, which are natural pigments responsible for adding the color to fruits and vegetables, and for providing health-related benefits when ingested by humans [2]. Carotenoid intake is related to improvements in the immune system and reduced risk of developing degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, macular degeneration, and Alzheimer's disease [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

et al. 2019

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Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter.

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Carotenoid biosynthesis and quality characteristics of new hybrids between tangor (Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis) cv. ‘Murcott’ and sweet orange (C. sinensis) cv. ‘Pêra’

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Plastid Development in Plants: The Role of Light

Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Plastid Development in Plants: The Role of Light

A mutant allele of ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) is associated with the yellow pigmentation of the “Pinalate” sweet orange mutant and reveals new insights into its role in fruit carotenogenesis

Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

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