Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis)

Mostrum, Alison M.; Curry, Robert L.; Lohr, Bernard

doi:10.2173/bna.636

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…An example of the methodology using Carolina chickadee, Poecile carolinensis, data from Gill et al (1993). Shaded area represents the breeding range (Mostrom et al 2002). Population genetic data were available for six populations (with three or more individuals sampled per population; black circles), spanning 8.9Њ latitude (30.3ЊN-39.2ЊN).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Variation in Genetic Divergence of Populations and the Potential for Future Speciation

2004

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Abstract. The increase in biological diversity with decreasing latitude is widely appreciated but the cause of the pattern is unknown. This pattern reflects latitudinal variation in both the origin of new species (cladogenesis) and the number of species that coexist. Here we address latitudinal variation in species origination, by examining population genetic processes that influence speciation. Previous data suggest a greater number of speciation events at lower latitudes. If speciation events occur more frequently at lower latitudes, we predicted that genetic divergence among populations within species, an important component of cladogenesis, should be greater among lower latitude populations. We tested this prediction using within-species patterns of mtDNA variation across 60 vertebrate species that collectively spanned six continents, two oceans, and 119 degrees latitude. We found greater genetic divergence of populations, controlling for geographic distance, at lower latitudes within species. This pattern remained statistically significant after removing populations that occur in localities previously covered by continental glaciers during the last glaciation. Results suggest that lower latitude populations within species exhibit greater evolutionary independence, increasing the likelihood that mutation, recombination, selection, and/or drift will lead to divergence of traits important for reproductive isolation and speciation. Results are consistent with a greater influence of seasonality, reduced energy, and/or glacial (Milankovitch) cycles acting on higher latitude populations, and represent one of the few tests of predictions of latitudinal variation in speciation rates using population genetic data.Key words. Genetic divergence, glaciation, latitudinal variation, speciation, species richness. The spectacular increase in biological diversity from polar to tropical regions is well known across a diverse array of taxa and environments (von Humboldt

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Variation in Genetic Divergence of Populations and the Potential for Future Speciation

2004

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“…For example, because larger predators tend to take larger prey (Vézina 1985), larger raptors may represent more of a threat to larger species in mixed-species flocks. Roth and Lima (2007) found that Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) generally prefer larger avian prey, while Roth et al (2006) found that Sharp-shinned Hawks (A. striatus) typically do not target prey species weighing ,20 g. Thus, the potential benefits of mobbing larger raptors may be lower for smaller species in mixed-species flocks (e.g., Carolina Chickadees: , 11 g; Mostrom et al 2002) than for larger species (e.g., Tufted Titmice: , 21 g; Grubb and Pravasudov 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetries in Mobbing Behavior Among Nuclear Flockmates

Courter

Ritchison

2012

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology

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“…Carolina chickadees, residents in the southeast United States, typically lay one clutch (range 3–7 eggs) per season and usually do not renest after failure (Mostrum et al, ). Mean life expectancy of chickadees is approximately 2 years (Mostrum et al, ). House wrens, migrants in the southeast United States, historically only overlapped in the northern portion of the chickadee range during breeding (Johnson,; Mostrum et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible responses to stage‐specific offspring threats

Britton

Ballentine

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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When caring for their young, parents must compensate for threats to offspring survival in a manner that maximizes their lifetime reproductive success. In birds, parents respond to offspring threats by altering reproductive strategies throughout the breeding attempt. Because altered reproductive strategies are costly, when threats to offspring are limited, parents should exhibit a limited response. However, it is unclear if response to offspring threat is the result of an integrated set of correlated changes throughout the breeding attempt or if responses are a flexible set of dissociable changes that are stage‐specific. We test these hypotheses in a system where house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) compete for nesting cavities with Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) by usurping and destroying their nests during the early stage of the breeding attempt (the egg stage). Due to the specificity of the house wren threat, we can test whether parental responses to an offspring threat show flexibility and stage specificity or if parental strategies are an integrated and persistent response. We monitored nests in a natural population to compare life history traits of chickadees nesting in boxes that were in the presence of house wrens to chickadees nesting in boxes that did not overlap with house wrens. Carolina chickadees that nested near house wrens laid significantly smaller clutch sizes (early change in reproductive strategy) but did not alter nestling provisioning or nestling stage length (late change in reproductive strategy), suggesting that chickadees respond in a flexible and stage‐specific manner to the threat of house wrens. By responding only when a threat is highest, parents minimize the cost of antithreat responses. Our study suggests that parents can respond in subtle and nuanced ways to offspring threats in the environment and specifically alter reproductive behaviors at the appropriate stage.

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Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis)

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Latitudinal Variation in Genetic Divergence of Populations and the Potential for Future Speciation

Latitudinal Variation in Genetic Divergence of Populations and the Potential for Future Speciation

Asymmetries in Mobbing Behavior Among Nuclear Flockmates

Flexible responses to stage‐specific offspring threats

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