Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) increases the efficacy of learning under conditions of oxidative stress related to the development of conditioned response with negative reinforcement

Within this work, the microbial synthesis of (2R,3S)-isocitric acid (ICA), a metabolite of the nonconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, from biodiesel waste, has been studied. The selected strain Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 synthesized ICA with citric acid (CA) as a byproduct. This process can be regulated by changing cultivation conditions. The maximal production of ICA with the minimal formation of the byproduct was provided by the use of a concentration of (NH4)2SO4 (6 g/L); the addition of biodiesel waste to cultivation medium in 20–60 g/L portions; maintaining the pH of the cultivation medium at 6, and degree of aeration between 25% and 60% of saturation. Itaconic acid at a concentration of 15 mM favorably influenced the production of ICA by the selected strain. The optimization of cultivation conditions allowed us to increase the concentration of ICA in the culture liquid from 58.32 to 90.2 g/L, the product yield (Y) by 40%, and the ICA/CA ratio from 1.1:1 to 3:1. Research on laboratory animals indicated that ICA counteracted the negative effect of ammonium molybdate (10−5 М) and lead diacetate (10−7 М) on the learning and spatial memory of rats, including those exposed to emotional stress.

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“…The formation of the CAAR induces oxidative stress too. The antioxidant agent carnosine diminishes the stress and accelerates learning [56,57].…”

Section: Effect Of Ica On the Spatial Memory Of Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory

et al. 2020

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Carnosine as an effective neuroprotector in brain pathology and potential neuromodulator in normal conditions

et al. 2018

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Carnosine modulates oxidative homeostasis and levels of neurotransmitters in the brain in models of learning with positive and negative reinforcement

Berezhnoy

Федорова²,

Stvolinskii³

et al. 2016

Neurochem. J.

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Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) increases the efficacy of learning under conditions of oxidative stress related to the development of conditioned response with negative reinforcement

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory

Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory

Carnosine as an effective neuroprotector in brain pathology and potential neuromodulator in normal conditions

Carnosine modulates oxidative homeostasis and levels of neurotransmitters in the brain in models of learning with positive and negative reinforcement

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