Carnation (Dianthus caryophylus L.)

Abstract

Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and demand for new and improved varieties is growing. However, genetic transformation of carnations is currently limited because of a lack of efficient routine technique. In this chapter, we present an easy and effective protocol for gene transfer to carnation node explants and subsequent adventitious shoot regeneration. For high-adventitious shoot regeneration, node explants from first to third node of 5- to 8-cm long shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, containing 1.0 mg/Lthidiazuron (TDZ), 0.1 mg/L alpha-napthalenoacetic acid (NAA), 20 g/L sucrose, and 2 g/L Gellan gum for 10 d. Then the explants were cut into 8 radial segments and subcultured onto MS medium, containing 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 20 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L Gellan Gum. For effective genetic transformation, 3- to 5-d precultured node explants were submerged in an Agrobacerium suspension for 10 min, then cocultivated on filter paper soaked with water and 50 microM acetosyringone (AS). After cocultivation, the explants were cut into eight radial segments and subcultured onto selection medium until transformed shoots regenerated from the explants.

Production of transgenic pineapple (Ananas cosmos (L.) Merr.) plants via adventitious bud regeneration

“…Genetic transformation via adventitious shoot regeneration has been achieved in numerous dicotyledonous plant species, such as soybean (Wang and Xu 2008), mulberry (Agarwal et al 2004;Agarwal and Kanwar 2007), pomegranate (Terakami et al 2007), tomato (Micro-Tom) (Sun et al 2006), strawberry (Mezzetti and Costantini 2006), cherry Sink 2005, 2006), carnation (Nontaswatsri and Fukai 2006), Antirrhinum (Cui et al 2004), eucalyptus (Tournier et al 2003), sweet orange (Almeida et al 2003), grape (Mezzetti et al 2002), and peanut (Sharma and Anjaiah 2000;Sharma and Bhatnagar-Mathur 2006). In most cases, cotyledons or hypocotyls from in vitro grown seedlings are used as the target tissues for Agrobacterium infection (Agarwal et al 2004;Cui et al 2004;Sun et al 2006;Agarwal and Kanwar 2007;Wang and Xu 2008).…”

“…In most cases, cotyledons or hypocotyls from in vitro grown seedlings are used as the target tissues for Agrobacterium infection (Agarwal et al 2004;Cui et al 2004;Sun et al 2006;Agarwal and Kanwar 2007;Wang and Xu 2008). However, transgenic plants are also efficiently regenerated from explants of leaves (Tournier et al 2003;Sink 2005, 2006;Mezzetti and Costantini 2006;Terakami et al 2007), nodes (Nontaswatsri and Fukai 2006), and shoot apices (Mezzetti et al 2002) of in vitro grown plants via adventitious organogenesis.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

“…Different Agrobacterium strains like AGLO, LBA 4404, and EHA 105 were used and bacterial density level varies widely (0.5-1 OD 6oo ) in tested transformation experiments (Zuker et al 1999 ;Nontaswatsri et al 2004 ;Szoke et al 2006 ;Arici and Koc 2009 ). The positive effect of acetosyringone in different concentrations was reported in different research studies (Nontaswatsri and Fukai 2006 ;Arici and Koc 2009 ). Nontaswatsri and Fukai ( 2006 ) were able to obtain fairly good transformation with efficiency varying from 7 to 95 % depending on the genotype.…”

“…The positive effect of acetosyringone in different concentrations was reported in different research studies (Nontaswatsri and Fukai 2006 ;Arici and Koc 2009 ). Nontaswatsri and Fukai ( 2006 ) were able to obtain fairly good transformation with efficiency varying from 7 to 95 % depending on the genotype. By using different ways like effi cient regeneration protocol, bacterial strain, cocultivation, and application of acetosyringone, the authors were able to establish highly effective transgenic protocol.…”

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed byBurkholderia caryophyllifor the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

“…When nodal segments are chosen for micro-propagation, they are taken at the base of the carnation plant, i.e., the first to third nodes. Micro-propagation techniques are frequently used to improve carnation varieties, allowing their genetic transformation (Nontaswatsri and Fukai, 2006).…”