Caries experience and its association with weight status among 8-year-old children in Qingdao, China

Yang, Fang; Zhang, Ying; Yuan, Xiao; Yu, Jinlong; Chen, Shulan; Chen, Zhenggang; Guo, Dawei; Cai, Jiefeng; Ma, Ning; Guo, Exiang

doi:10.4103/2231-0762.151978

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A cross-sectional study conducted by Alkarimi et al in Saudi Arabian children age 6-8 years old suggested an inverse linear association between dental caries and anthropometric outcomes [ 20 ]. A recent Chinese study among 744 8-year-old children also reported a weak negative association between caries severity and weight status [ 40 ]. In accordance with those findings, we also found that caries-free children were more overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China

Liang¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundEvidence linking caries in primary dentition and children’s anthropometric measures is contradictory. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of primary dental caries and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among 7-9 years old school children in urban Guangzhou, China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 32,461 pupils (14,778 girls and 17,683 boys) aged 7-9 years from 65 elementary schools in Guangzhou. Dental caries was detected according to criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total mean decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft) of primary dentition were assessed. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Children were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity groups by BMI based on Chinese criteria. Z-score of BMI-for-age (BAZ) was calculated by WHO standardized procedure. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline regression was applied to evaluate the shape of the relationship between BAZ and primary dental caries.ResultsThe prevalence of primary dental caries was 30.7 % in total sample. Regarding dmft values, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) in the combined sample were 1.03 ± 2.05 in boys and 0.93 ± 1.92 in girls. Both indices decreased by age. Compared with normal BMI group, children in overweight and obesity groups have 27 % (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.66-0.81, P < 0.0001) and 34 % (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.74, P < 0.0001) lower odds for the presence of primary dental caries after adjustment for age and gender, respectively. Although in general, increased BAZ was associated with decreased risk of dental caries, full-range BAZ was associated with dental caries in an A-shaped manner with a zenith at around -1.4.ConclusionHigher BMI was associated with lower odds of caries; overweight and obese children were more likely to be primary dental caries free among 7-9 years in Guangzhou, China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3295-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China

Liang¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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“…Thus, children with pufa scores should be characterized to be at high caries risk for early caries onset in permanent teeth. Presenting only dmft data to decision makers leaves them unaware of the severity and associated consequences of untreated caries on general and dental health [ 10 , 42 ]. Therefore, for the first time, our study gathered data on odontogenic infections as consequences of untreated dental caries in 5- and 8-year-old German children by using the pufa index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in German 5- and 8-year-olds

Grund

Goddon²,

Schüler

et al. 2015

BMC Oral Health

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BackgroundAbout half of all carious lesions in primary teeth of German 6- to 7-year-old children remain untreated, but no data regarding the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries are available. Therefore, this cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the prevalence and experience of caries and odontogenic infections in the primary dentition of 5- and 8-year-old German children.MethodsDental examinations were performed in 5-year-old pre-school children (n = 496) and in 8-year-old primary school children (n = 608) living in the Westphalian Ennepe-Ruhr district. Schools and preschools were selected by sociodemographic criteria including size, area, ownership, socio-economic status. Caries was recorded according to WHO criteria (1997). The Lorenz curves were used to display the polarisation of dental caries. Caries pattern in 5-year-olds was categorized by Wyne’s (1997) definition of early childhood caries (ECC). Odontogenic infections as clinical consequence of untreated dental caries were assessed by the pufa index. The ‘untreated caries-pufa ratio’ was calculated, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was used for evaluating the correlation between dmft and pufa scores. Categorical data were compared between groups using the chi-square test and continuous data were analysed by t-test.ResultsCaries prevalence and experience in the primary dentition was 26.2 %/0.9 ± 2.0 dmft in 5-year-olds and 48.8 %/2.1 ± 2.8 dmft in 8-year-olds. ECC type I (22 %) was the prevalent caries pattern in 5-year-olds. About 30 % of the tooth decay was treated (5y: 29.7 %/8y: 39.3 %). The Lorenz curves showed a strong caries polarisation on 20 % of the children. Pufa prevalence and experience was 4.4 %/0.1 ± 0.5 pufa in 5-year-olds and 16.6 %/0.3 ± 0.9 pufa in 8-year-olds. In 5-year-olds 14.2 % and in 8-year-olds 34.2 % of the d-component had progressed mainly to the pulp. A significant correlation between dmft and pufa scores exists in both age groups (5y: ρ = 0.399; 8y: ρ = 0.499). First deciduous molars were most frequently affected by odontogenic infections, presenting virtually all pufa scores (>95 %).ConclusionsPrevalence and experience of odontogenic infections and the untreated caries-pufa ratio were increasing from the younger to the elder children. Dmft and pufa scores in primary teeth predict a higher caries risk in permanent teeth. The pufa index highlights relevant information for decision makers to develop effective oral health care programs for children at high risk for caries.

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“…In 2016, the prevalence of overweight children under the age of 5 years worldwide was estimated to be over 41 million . In this context, common predisposing factors between dental caries and overweight/obesity have led researchers to investigate this association …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight/obese children are associated with lower caries experience than normal‐weight children/adolescents

Guaré

Santos

Novaes

et al. 2019

Int J Paed Dentistry

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Aim To compare (a) enamel carious (EC) and dentin carious (DC) lesions and (b) caries risk, between normal‐weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) children/adolescents. Design In this cross‐sectional study, 91 participants aged 6‐12 years were classified according to the body mass index (BMI): NW (n = 50) and OW (n = 41). Caries experience was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with two thresholds: “EC/DC” (ICDAS 1‐3/4‐6) and “DC” (ICDAS 4‐6). Caries risk was determined by the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) system. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association among OW, caries thresholds, and caries risk. Results Caries experience was similar for both groups at the “EC/DC” threshold (P = .477) and higher for the NW group at the “DC” threshold (P = .009). For CAMBRA, caries risk classification was similar for both groups (P = .082). The logistic regression showed the OW group was less likely to exhibit radiographically visible proximal carious lesions (odds ratio [OR] of 0.330, P = .019), thick biofilm visible on the tooth surface (OR = 0.360, P = .019), high caries risk (OR = 0.367, P = .039), and moderate‐to‐high caries levels (OR = 0.190, P = .022). Conclusion OW children/adolescents had lower caries experience, at both ICDAS thresholds, and lower caries risk, compared to NW children/adolescents.

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Caries experience and its association with weight status among 8-year-old children in Qingdao, China

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China

Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China

Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in German 5- and 8-year-olds

Overweight/obese children are associated with lower caries experience than normal‐weight children/adolescents

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