Carduus edelbergii Rech. f. Mediated Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles; Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potency of the Synthesized AuNPs

Abstract

Background: Due to the high expense, less effectiveness and more side effects of available synthetic medicine, the researchers and communities are focusing on phyto-based natural bioactive compounds, which are considered safer for the treatment of syndromes and chronic diseases. Aim: The current project was aimed to determine the phytochemicals constituents available in the aerial parts of methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii via GC-MS, fabrication of AuNPs mediated with the mentioned extract; characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic potency of the synthesized AuNPs. Methods: Confirmation of green synthesis of AuNPs, functional groups responsible for the reduction in Au+, size and crystallinity, morphology and quantity of gold (Au) were carried out by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively, whereas in vitro antioxidant characteristics were assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol extract and AuNPs. Results: GC-MS revealed that the diluted methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii consists of about 19 chemical constituents. Among the identified compounds, the 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)— has the highest concentration (38.16%), followed by 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)— (15.72%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.07%). Methanol extract and its fabricated nanoparticles showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In vivo antidiabetic study revealed a noteworthy (p < 0.05) decline in body weight and HDL and elevated concentration of blood glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, ALP, ALT and AST in diabetic control. The said changes were recovered significantly (p < 0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanol extract (150 and 300 mg/Kg BW) and AuNPs of Carduus edelbergii (5 and 10 mg/Kg BW). Conclusion: The green synthesized AuNPs exhibit significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic characteristics.

Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities, GC-MS Analysis and Docking Studies of Guiera senigalensis (L.) Ethanol Leaves Extract

“…33 n-Hexadecanoic acid was proven to have bioactivities including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. 36 Benzenetriol and its derivatives possessed antibacterial activity as the study conducted by Cavalca. 34 The docking study presented that phytol, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, Hexadecanoic acid, and Xanthen-9-one, 1,3,5,6-tetramethoxyrespectively were comparable to the docking score of the reference undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (Table 4).…”

Current Overview of Metal Nanoparticles’ Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications, with a Focus on Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

“…When comparing the FTIR spectra of nanoparticles to those of extracts, shifted or diminished peaks are revealed, which can be explained by the phytochemicals' participation in the synthesis and capping processes [163]. Moreover, the literature describes a new band around 640-670 cm −1 for AuNPs, that can be attributed to metal formation [153,156].…”

“…Strong absorption peaks at 3 keV and 2 keV indicate the binding energies of silver and gold, respectively. In the case of biosynthesized NPs, additional elements that may be present, such as carbon, oxygen, aluminum, and potassium, are a result of plant phytochemicals that act as capping elements on the surface of AgNPs [154,163,168].…”