Cardiovascular System

doi:10.1002/9781118828007.ch1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Valves grossly appear smooth and thickened due to the noninflammatory deposition of myxomatous connective tissue such as glycosaminoglycans within the disorganized extracellular matrix. 6,1013 Myxomatous valvular degeneration is rarely reported in avian species, 16 but there are descriptions of MVD affecting the left atrioventricular valve in an Indian ringneck parakeet ( Psittacula krameria ), 9 ostrich ( Struthio camelus ), 13 and Amazon parrot ( Amazona aestiva ), 17 as well as myxomatous dysplasia of the right atrioventricular valve in an African black-footed penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ). 18 Conversely, MVD is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease in dogs, often progressing to left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and left-sided congestive heart failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Vuong¹,

Jones²,

Craig³

2023

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Vuong¹,

Jones²,

Craig³

2023

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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“…It is not commonly seen in domestic animals with the exception of birds, rabbits, and pigs. 5,12,34,43 Spontaneous lesions of atherosclerosis have been reported in dogs with hypothyroidism and are thought to be associated with hypercholesterolemia. 18,24 In dogs with hypothyroidism, atherosclerotic lesions were observed systemically, affecting the heart, spleen, and urogenital organs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Arteriolar Changes With Lipid and Amyloid Deposits in the Gonads of Dogs

et al. 2021

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Arteriolar lesions with lipid and/or amyloid deposits are frequently detected in canine gonads by routine histopathologic examination; however, they have never been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 139 testes/epididymides and 200 ovaries from 72 male (4 months to 14 years old) and 105 female (7 months to 16 years old) dogs were examined for arteriolar lesions. Arteriolar lesions were detected in 21 of 72 male dogs (29%) and 54 of 105 female dogs (51%). These lesions were histologically classified into 4 types: “fibromuscular hypertrophy,” characterized by thickening of the tunica intima; “focal vasculitis,” characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration; “vacuolar change,” consisting of lipid accumulation and infiltration of foamy cells; and “hyalinosis,” characterized by irregular thickening with amyloid deposits. In the lesions of vacuolar change and hyalinosis, lipid deposition and infiltration of α-SMA-positive cells and Iba-1-positive cells were also observed. Foamy cells and amyloid deposits were immunopositive for apolipoproteins and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-related proteins. These results indicate that vacuolar change is possibly an early stage of atherosclerosis, and that amyloid may deposit as a consequence of the microenvironment associated with atherogenesis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that arteriolar lesions with lipid deposits were associated with age and interstitial cell tumors in male dogs, and with age in female dogs. Aging is likely an important risk factor of arteriolar lesions with lipid deposits of the canine gonads.

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Cardiac disease in the Spix Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii): two cases

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular disease in avian species, other than poultry, is being increasingly reported. In psittacine birds, atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure are the leading cardiovascular diseases, often resulting in multiorgan dysfunction and demise. The Spix's macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) is arguably the most endangered psittacine species worldwide. We aimed to describe the gross and microscopic findings in two adult Spix's macaws wherein severe cardiovascular pathology resulted in sudden death. Bird 1 had pathologic findings consistent with fibrinoheterophilic vegetative pulmonic valvular endocarditis with luminal obliterative thrombosis, myocarditis and epicarditis, myocardial fibrofatty infiltration and cardiomyocyte loss, as well as generalized septicaemia. Microbiological analysis yielded Pantoea septica from the intestines and Acinetobacter baylyi from the cerebrum. Bird 2 had changes suggestive of right brachiocephalic coarctation-like obliterative arteriopathy. The latter is a novel cardiovascular pathology in avian species, and its severity and extent likely led to acute decompensation of pre-existing cardiac disease. These results add to the body of knowledge on avian cardiovascular pathology and may aid in veterinary medical decisions on caged birds, including those part of ex situ conservation efforts.

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Cardiovascular System

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Postmortem Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Postmortem Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Age-Related Arteriolar Changes With Lipid and Amyloid Deposits in the Gonads of Dogs

Cardiac disease in the Spix Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii): two cases

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