Cardiovascular Reactions to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation Following Small and Large Intravenous Doses of Lidocaine

Effect of Intravenous Labetalol in Controlling the Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation: A Comparison With Intravenous Lignocaine

“…Lignocaine, a local anaesthetic agent had been shown to be used both via topical (4) and intravenous (6) route are found to be associated with inconsistent result. (13) In our present study, we use lignocaine in the dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight which is similar to that of R. Joseph et al, (1996) Labetalol β-adrenoceptor blockers has been found to be safe and effective in controlling cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation without causing significant hypotension.…”

“…(2,3) The necessity to attenuate these adverse haemodynamic effects has been recognized ever since it was realized that there is cardiovascular instability with Laryngoscopy and Intubation. Topical lignocaine spray, (4,5) Intravenous lignocaine, (6) Deep general anaesthesia, (3,6) Beta adrenoceptor blockers like labetalol, (7) esmolol, (8) central alpha-2 agonist like clonidine, (9) calcium channel blockers like verapamil, (10) nicardipine (11) and vasodilators like sodium nitroprusside (12) have been tried with varying results.…”

Facilitation of laryngeal mask insertion

“…Lignocaine has been used topically [7] or intravenously [8] to reduce the cardiovascular responses associated with intubation and the intravenous route of administration has been shown to be the more effective of the two [9]. It is generally well-tolerated at low doses, but is contraindicated in patients with cardiac conduction defects.…”

Pre - Medication With I.V. Lidocaine vs I.V. Clonidine in Attenuating the Presso R Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation

“…It was noted 1.5mg/kg of lignocaine 2% provided better attenuation of responses to intubation than 0.75mg/kg of intravenous lignocaine. 22,23,24 Clonidine was used in the dose of 0.625, 1.25, 3 and 6μg/kg to attenuate the intubation response. Clonidine at 0.625 and 1.25μg/kg was not or partially effective for blunting the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.…”