Cardiovascular Medicine Amid Evolving Health Policy

Wadhera, Rishi K.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.017

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast to the literature, in which health policy courses have been reported to be delivered almost exclusively in medical and nursing schools, 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 a clear lack of such specialization was found in this study. Thus, the small portion of graduates of Saudi universities with foundations in health policy are graduates of public health, healthcare services and healthcare administration degree programs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In other countries, several national professional bodies have updated their professional competencies or published new competencies reflecting various aspects of health policy. 3 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 17 Thus, continual evaluation of current educational programs is necessary to deliver programs that equip graduates with the knowledge and skills allowing them to actively and effectively engage in health policy. The expansion and transformation of the healthcare system in KSA, and worldwide, provides opportunities for leadership positions that require health policy literacy.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite growing interest in examining health policy education, the literature on teaching health policy is quite scarce, with a few exceptions documenting that health policy courses are being taught as part of fellowship, residency, training and academic programs across several specialties, with an extensive focus on medicine and nursing professions. 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 Courses incorporating health policy into teaching are taught at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, 1 , 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ; some courses target healthcare professionals, managers and policymakers. 5 These courses are offered by universities or research institutes, and vary in duration from several weeks 8 or months 15 to several years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exclusive health policy education: Original insights from KSA

Al-Mubarak

2022

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exclusive health policy education: Original insights from KSA

Al-Mubarak

2022

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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“…Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite the implementation of more efficacious primary and secondary prevention measures 12 . Nevertheless, recent temporal trend analysis suggest that CVD-related mortality is decreasing gradually 13 , 14 , in particular from stroke and coronary artery disease 14 . In stroke patients, it is estimated that mortality decreased by over 55% in a decade 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and socio-economic outcomes among patients hospitalized for stroke and diabetes in the US: a recent analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

Tabbalat

Dargham

Suwaidi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide. We aim to assess mortality and socio-economic outcomes among patients hospitalized for stroke and diabetes in the US and evaluate their recent trends. We examined: in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LoS), and overall hospital charges in diabetic patients over 18 years old who were hospitalized with a stroke from 2005 to 2014, included in the National Inpatient Sample. In those patients, the mean (SD) age slightly decreased from 70 (13) years to 69 (13) years (p-trend < 0.001). Interestingly, although incident cases of stroke amongst DM patients increased from 17.4 to 20.0 /100,000 US adults (p-trend < 0.001), age-adjusted mortality for those with hemorrhagic strokes decreased from 24.3% to 19.6%, and also decreased from 3.23% to 2.48% for those with ischemic strokes (p-trend < 0.01 for both), but remained unchanged in TIAs patients. As expected, the average total charges per hospital stay almost doubled over the ten-year period, increasing from 15 970 to 31 018 USD/stay (adjusted for inflation). Nonetheless, median (IQR) LoS slightly decreased from 4 (2–6) to 3 (2–6) days (p-trend < 0.001). In total, our data show that, from 2005 to 2014, the incidence of stroke among the diabetes patient population are gradually increasing, in-hospital mortality is steadily decreasing, along with average LoS. Admission costs were up almost twofold during the same period.

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“…During the past decades, cardiovascular medicine has witnessed the emergence of new treatments and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention guidelines and healthcare policies, which was translated into a mortality reduction from CVD [ 7 ], in particular from CAD and stroke [ 8 ]. However, this gradual improvement in cardiovascular outcome comes at the price of an exponential increase in health expenditure in all CVD medicine specialties [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes-related cardiovascular and economic burden in patients hospitalized for heart failure in the US: a recent temporal trend analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

et al. 2020

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We aimed to study the cardiovascular and economic burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) in the US and to assess the recent temporal trend. Data from the National Inpatient Sample were analyzed between 2005 and 2014. The prevalence of DM increased from 40.4 to 46.5% in patients hospitalized for HF. In patients with HF and DM, mean (SD) age slightly decreased from 71 (13) to 70 (13) years, in which 47.5% were males in 2005 as compared with 52% in 2014 (p trend < 0.001 for both). Surprisingly, the presence of DM was associated with lower in-hospital mortality risk, even after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR = 0.844 (95% CI [0.828–0.860]). Crude mortality gradually decreased from 2.7% in 2005 to 2.4% in 2014 but was still lower than that of non-diabetes patients’ mortality on a yearly comparison basis. Hospitalization for HF also decreased from 211 to 188/100,000 hospitalizations. However, median (IQR) LoS slightly increased from 4 (2–6) to 4 (3–7) days, so did total charges/stay that jumped from 15,704 to 26,858 USD (adjusted for inflation, p trend < 0.001 for both). In total, the prevalence of DM is gradually increasing in HF. However, the temporal trend shows that hospitalization and in-hospital mortality are on a descending slope at a cost of an increasing yearly expenditure and length of stay, even to a larger extent than in patient without DM.

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Cardiovascular Medicine Amid Evolving Health Policy

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

An exclusive health policy education: Original insights from KSA

An exclusive health policy education: Original insights from KSA

Mortality and socio-economic outcomes among patients hospitalized for stroke and diabetes in the US: a recent analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

Diabetes-related cardiovascular and economic burden in patients hospitalized for heart failure in the US: a recent temporal trend analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

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