Cardiovascular changes in cardiogenic and obstructive shocks: Analysis using a cardiopulmonary simulation model

Abstract

Conditions characterized by a fall in cardiac output are associated with alterations in cardiopulmonary variables and activation of cardiovascular and respiratory control mechanisms. In order to study these complex relationships, we developed a comprehensive cardiopulmonary model consisting of a circulation, a respiration and a metabolism block. In this work, the model is used to simulate cardiovascular dynamics in pathological conditions with an acute decrease in heart function. In particular, two conditions are examined: the first is characterized by a decrease in heart contractility, simulated in the model via a reduction in the left ventricular end-systolic elastance. The second consists in an increase in pulmonary arterial resistance, associated with pulmonary embolism. In conclusion, the proposed model may be of value in clinical settings to illustrate the complex relationship among cardiovascular variables.

An integrated mathematical model of the human cardiopulmonary system: model development

“…Our group has developed an integrated model to overcome some of the above limitations by including finer cardiorespiratory interactions and short-term control mechanisms. The model is the result of a multiyear effort, and only preliminary results have been presented in previous papers (2,7,27). The model is presented in two separate papers: Model development and Model validation under hypercapnia and hypoxia.…”