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Cited by 111 publications
(70 citation statements)
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References 125 publications
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“…For example, the majority of cardiac surgeries are performed on an ischemic, nonbeating heart achieved by cross-clamping the aorta (thus interrupting coronary artery perfusion), with systemic blood circulation achieved via extracorporeal circulation (ECC). In addition to IRI to the heart, ECC itself causes a systemic inflammatory response leading to activation of circulating leukocytes and a prothrombic state potentially contributing to cardiac dysfunction [13, 14]. …”
Section: The Surgical Stress Response and Associated Complicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the majority of cardiac surgeries are performed on an ischemic, nonbeating heart achieved by cross-clamping the aorta (thus interrupting coronary artery perfusion), with systemic blood circulation achieved via extracorporeal circulation (ECC). In addition to IRI to the heart, ECC itself causes a systemic inflammatory response leading to activation of circulating leukocytes and a prothrombic state potentially contributing to cardiac dysfunction [13, 14]. …”
Section: The Surgical Stress Response and Associated Complicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This leads to the reduction in the calcium influx into myocytes (by reducing the action potential) without having to add other agents with adverse effects. Studies with aprikalim, pinacidil, or nicorandil showed a comparable or better cardioprotection level but failed in clinical practice due to a long elimination time and systemic hypotension [13]. …”
Section: Cardioplegiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Until the present day, cardioplegic arrest remains the gold standard of cardioprotection and requires a potassium rich solution sending the heart into a depolarized arrest [1]. Despite its almost universal usage, cardioplegia in its current form is associated with potential downsides rendering those cardioprotective regimens a less than optimal choice in certain clinical situations and certain patient collectives.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Factors influencing operative risk include age >70, female sex, renal impairment, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, insulin dependent diabetes, NYHA III/IV, and ejection fraction <50%. This is especially important in the present light of change in the field of interventional cardiology offering catheter-guided approaches to an increasingly larger patient cohort causing a shift in cardiac surgery away from isolated “simple” procedure towards more complex interventions [4], sometimes in the very old and the severely ill [1, 3]. This increase in case complexity in a changing patient population is especially relevant for patients with impaired ventricles associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure where it is generally acknowledged that current methods of myocardial protection are inadequate.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%