Cardiac pathophysiology in response to environmental stress: a current review

Tanwar, Vineeta; Katapadi, Aashish; Adelstein, Jeremy M.; Grimmer, Jacob A.; Wold, Loren E.

doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.005

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Exposure to air pollution increments morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1 , especially exposure to emissions from traffic and industrial sources 2 . Even lower concentrations of exposure to particulate matter (PM) caused by combustion, as a significant component of urban pollution, are involved in the pathogenesis of CVD 3 . Some researchers have shown a relationship between intense or persistent exposure to PM and the rate of cardiopulmonary occasions 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly

Dehghani

Vali

Jafarian

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = −0.77% and −0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly

Dehghani

Vali

Jafarian

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In order to explain this observation, we speculate that this increased ratio corresponds to an attempt of the lungs to compensate the locally hypoxic state induced by oxidative stress. Indeed, PM 2.5 inhalation as well as UFP exposure is associated with a reduced oxygen saturation [ 58 – 60 ] and can induce endothelial dysfunction, particularly by inhibiting the endothelial NO synthase [ 61 ]. Such modifications might promote development of pulmonary and systemic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malondialdehyde and anion patterns in exhaled breath condensate among subway workers

et al. 2022

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Background Underground transportation systems can contribute to the daily particulates and metal exposures for both commuter and subway workers. The redox and metabolic changes in workers exposed to such metal-rich particles have yet to be characterized. We hypothesize that the distribution of nitrosative/oxidative stress and related metabolic biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are modified depending on exposures. Results Particulate number and size as well as mass concentration and airborne metal content were measured in three groups of nine subway workers (station agents, locomotive operators and security guards). In parallel, pre- and post-shift EBC was collected daily during two consecutive working weeks. In this biological matrix, malondialdehyde, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, formate, pyruvate, the sum of nitrite and nitrate (ΣNOx) and the ratio nitrite/nitrate as well as metals and nanoparticle concentrations was determined. Weekly evolution of the log-transformed selected biomarkers as well as their association with exposure variables was investigated using linear mixed effects models with the participant ID as random effect. The professional activity had a strong influence on the pattern of anions and malondialdehyde in EBC. The daily number concentration and the lung deposited surface area of ultrafine particles was consistently and mainly associated with nitrogen oxides variations during the work-shift, with an inhibitory effect on the ΣNOx. We observed that the particulate matter (PM) mass was associated with a decreasing level of acetate, lactate and ΣNOx during the work-shift, suggestive of a build-up of these anions during the previous night in response to exposures from the previous day. Lactate was moderately and positively associated with some metals and with the sub-micrometer particle concentration in EBC. Conclusions These results are exploratory but suggest that exposure to subway PM could affect concentrations of nitrogen oxides as well as acetate and lactate in EBC of subway workers. The effect is modulated by the particle size and can correspond to the body’s cellular responses under oxidative stress to maintain the redox and/or metabolic homeostasis.

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“…PM0.1 and PM2.5 can pass through the alveolar-endothelial interface into the systemic circulation, directly affecting the heart, vasculature, and other organs. The thrombogenic effects of PM are believed to arise from the promotion of clot formation after entering the systemic circulation and from pulmonary inflammation caused by prolonged exposure [ 48 ]. Specifically, the mechanisms by which PM directly induces cardiovascular effects are through oxidative stress and direct calcium ion channel interference of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and pulmonary inflammation results in PM-induced indirect cardiovascular effects [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Cardiovascular Fallout of E-cigarettes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Chaturvedi,

Attia Hussein Mahmoud,

Isaac

et al. 2024

Cureus

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E-cigarettes (ECs) deliver chemicals, including nicotine. They can cause respiratory distress, addiction, cardiovascular effects, and death. More research is needed, especially regarding their impact on the cardiovascular system (CVS) and during pregnancy. Our article aims to fill this gap by summarizing studies elaborating upon the current impact of ECs and the components thereof on the CVS. Acute respiratory distress outbreaks, nicotine addiction, CVS effects, and deaths have been occasionally reported within this cohort, although these events are not uncommon with neighboring age groups. Randomized control trials implying ECs have some contribution toward quitting smoking have been studied. To regulate EC distribution, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have created key checkpoints. Additionally, taxation, pricing, age restriction, and media campaigns could be modulated to significantly reduce illicit sales. Education to the users, distributors, and regulators about this product can also play an aiding role in promoting responsible EC use. Another strategy about licensing could be employed, which could incentivize genuine resellers. The effects on CVS and child-bearing by ECs are grim, which calls for strict regulation, awareness, and avoidance by the teetotaler public. They may help individuals stop smoking but not without harming themselves. Strict regulations are necessary to prevent non-judicious use of these devices.

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Cardiac pathophysiology in response to environmental stress: a current review

Abstract: People with existing risk factors and those with established cardiovascular disease have increased susceptibility to environmental stressors. The literature reviewed in this article thus support public health policies aimed at reducing pollutant exposure to benefit public health.

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly

Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly

Malondialdehyde and anion patterns in exhaled breath condensate among subway workers

Understanding the Cardiovascular Fallout of E-cigarettes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

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