Carcinogenicity study of cochineal in B6C3F1 mice

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive

“…The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987). The mammary hyperplasia seen in the rat study was not reported in the mouse study (Mori et al, 1991). Ford et al (1987) described this effect as a trend to a more active state in the mammary glands of all female rats treated with carmine.…”

“…Two long-term studies in rats and mice investigated the carcinogenic potential of carmine and cochineal extract (Ford et al, 1987;Mori et al, 1991). The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987).…”

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive

“…The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987). The mammary hyperplasia seen in the rat study was not reported in the mouse study (Mori et al, 1991). Ford et al (1987) described this effect as a trend to a more active state in the mammary glands of all female rats treated with carmine.…”

“…Two long-term studies in rats and mice investigated the carcinogenic potential of carmine and cochineal extract (Ford et al, 1987;Mori et al, 1991). The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987).…”

Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats

“…CE has shown no apparent carcinogenicity in B6C3F 1 mice (Mori et al, 1991); however, there have been no other reports investigating carcinogenicity or tumor-promoting activity of CE. On the other hand, Kägi et al (1994) has previously reported anaphylaxis after drinking Campari (Davide Campari, Milano, Italy)-orange containing CE.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of carmine for cats and dogs (Mars Petcare GMbH)

“…Mori et al. ( 1991 ) reported a 2‐year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”

“…The NOAEL identified from this study was 500 mg carmine/kg bw per day (corresponding to 250 mg carminic acid/kg bw per day). Mori et al (1991) reported a 2-year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive

“…The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987). The mammary hyperplasia seen in the rat study was not reported in the mouse study (Mori et al, 1991). Ford et al (1987) described this effect as a trend to a more active state in the mammary glands of all female rats treated with carmine.…”

“…Two long-term studies in rats and mice investigated the carcinogenic potential of carmine and cochineal extract (Ford et al, 1987;Mori et al, 1991). The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987).…”

Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats

“…CE has shown no apparent carcinogenicity in B6C3F 1 mice (Mori et al, 1991); however, there have been no other reports investigating carcinogenicity or tumor-promoting activity of CE. On the other hand, Kägi et al (1994) has previously reported anaphylaxis after drinking Campari (Davide Campari, Milano, Italy)-orange containing CE.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of carmine for cats and dogs (Mars Petcare GMbH)

“…Mori et al. ( 1991 ) reported a 2‐year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”

“…The NOAEL identified from this study was 500 mg carmine/kg bw per day (corresponding to 250 mg carminic acid/kg bw per day). Mori et al (1991) reported a 2-year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive

“…The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987). The mammary hyperplasia seen in the rat study was not reported in the mouse study (Mori et al, 1991). Ford et al (1987) described this effect as a trend to a more active state in the mammary glands of all female rats treated with carmine.…”

“…Two long-term studies in rats and mice investigated the carcinogenic potential of carmine and cochineal extract (Ford et al, 1987;Mori et al, 1991). The rat study on carmine reported significantly higher incidences of acinar cell hyperplasia and duct ectasia of the mammary gland tissue in female rats given carmine, at all doses, compared with controls (Ford et al, 1987).…”

Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats

“…CE has shown no apparent carcinogenicity in B6C3F 1 mice (Mori et al, 1991); however, there have been no other reports investigating carcinogenicity or tumor-promoting activity of CE. On the other hand, Kägi et al (1994) has previously reported anaphylaxis after drinking Campari (Davide Campari, Milano, Italy)-orange containing CE.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of carmine for cats and dogs (Mars Petcare GMbH)

“…Mori et al. ( 1991 ) reported a 2‐year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”

“…The NOAEL identified from this study was 500 mg carmine/kg bw per day (corresponding to 250 mg carminic acid/kg bw per day). Mori et al (1991) reported a 2-year study conducted in mice exposed to cochineal extract (containing carminic acid at 29.8%) up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. No adverse effects were reported.…”