Carcinogenesis bioassay of allyl isothiocyanate

Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates, and Prevention of Bladder Cancer

“…F344/DuCrj rats (male and female) upon drinking water containing AITC or an AITC-rich horseradish extract (estimated AITC intake: 30–40 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks developed simple hyperplasia (100%), and papillary or nodular hyperplasia (20–40%) [109]. In another study, administration of AITC by gavage (12–25 mg/kg or 121–252 µmol/kg) daily five days per week for 103 weeks induced transitional cell papillomas (prevalence: 4 – 8%) in male F344 rats but not female rats, which was suspected to be due to higher urinary concentrations of ITC metabolites in the male rats [110]. In contrast, AITC given to F344 rats orally at 10 µmol/kg daily inhibited orthotopic BC, while higher AITC doses were not more effective [32].…”

Lack of UDS activity in the livers of rats exposed to allylisothiocyanate

“…In the case of AITC, hyperplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium was seen in male rats but not female rats or in mice [23,37]. Ioannou et al [28], suggested that the hyperplasia was the possible result of chronic irritant effects of AITC and/or its major cysteine conjugate present in excreted urine.…”

“…The urine from AITC exposed rats showed no evidence of mutagenic metabolites when tested with Salmonella [22]. A recent report from the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) [23,37] found a statistical increase in the occurrence of benign urinary bladder transition cell papillomas in male F344 rats when administered AITC by gavage at a dose level of 25 but not at 12 mg/kg body weight. Tumors were not reported for female F344 rats or in B6C3F1 mice of either sex.…”

Age‐Related Changes in Carcinogen Metabolism

“…Production of glutathione conjugates of oxidized metabolites appear to increase in old mice exposed to lindane 18 . In contrast, Borghoff and Birnbaum 85 found that the ability of male rats to conjugate glutathione with allyl isothiocyanate, a bladder carcinogen, 86 did not change with age. This is compatible with the reports of unchanged concentrations of glutathione in aging rats 79–87 .…”