Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites

Pandey, Raja R.; Chusuei, Charles C.

doi:10.3390/molecules26216674

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, oxidized MWCNTs are chemically more active than oxidized SWCNTs, thus providing a wider range of applications. Due to the high density of oxygen-containing functional groups on the sidewalls, finely dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) can attach to the surface of MWCNTs, thus augmenting the electroactive surface area and ultimately enhancing the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors [ 34 ]. Therefore, CNTs are now widely used as components of electrochemical biosensors to obtain approaches for a sensitive and selective detection of disease-related biomarkers [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, GO has superior dispersibility in water compared to graphene [ 53 ]. The oxygen-containing groups on the GO surface can serve as attachment points for electrochemically active additives [ 34 ]. GO is currently applied in several biomedical fields, such as biosensors [ 54 , 55 ], bioimaging [ 56 , 57 ] and nucleic acid amplification [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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“…Graphene is a purified form of graphite that recently gained enormous popularity in the energy [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], environment [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], membranes [ 1 , 7 ], sensor [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], and biomedical fields [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. It is a sp 2 hybridized, hexagonally arranged, chain of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a honeycomb crystal lattice [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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The term graphene was coined using the prefix “graph” taken from graphite and the suffix “-ene” for the C=C bond, by Boehm et al. in 1986. The synthesis of graphene can be done using various methods. The synthesized graphene was further oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) using different methods, to enhance its multitude of applications. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized analogy of graphene, familiar as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter at a large scale. Graphene oxide has recently obtained enormous popularity in the energy, environment, sensor, and biomedical fields and has been handsomely exploited for water purification membranes. GO is a unique class of mechanically robust, ultrathin, high flux, high-selectivity, and fouling-resistant separation membranes that provide opportunities to advance water desalination technologies. The facile synthesis of GO membranes opens the doors for ideal next-generation membranes as cost-effective and sustainable alternative to long existing thin-film composite membranes for water purification applications. Many types of GO–metal oxide nanocomposites have been used to eradicate the problem of metal ions, halomethanes, other organic pollutants, and different colors from water bodies, making water fit for further use. Furthermore, to enhance the applications of GO/metal oxide nanocomposites, they were deposited on polymeric membranes for water purification due to their relatively low-cost, clear pore-forming mechanism and higher flexibility compared to inorganic membranes. Along with other applications, using these nanocomposites in the preparation of membranes not only resulted in excellent fouling resistance but also could be a possible solution to overcome the trade-off between water permeability and solute selectivity. Hence, a GO/metal oxide nanocomposite could improve overall performance, including antibacterial properties, strength, roughness, pore size, and the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane. In this review, we highlight the structure and synthesis of graphene, as well as graphene oxide, and its decoration with a polymeric membrane for further applications.

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“…Carbon nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), pristine carbon nanomaterials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene, have been extensively used as the active layers for the development of chemoresistive sensors [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. This shift in material usage has been motivated by Kong et al, who observed a change in the conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalized materials on gas absorption, leading to their use in a range of gas sensors [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive Chemosensors for the Detection of CO Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanocomposites: A Review

et al. 2022

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Nanocomposite materials have seen increased adoption in a wide range of applications, with toxic gas detection, such as carbon monoxide (CO), being of particular interest for this review. Such sensors are usually characterized by the presence of CO absorption sites in their structures, with the Langmuir reaction model offering a good description of the reaction mechanism involved in capturing the gas. Among the reviewed sensors, those that combined polymers with carbonaceous materials showed improvements in their analytical parameters such as increased sensitivities, wider dynamic ranges, and faster response times. Moreover, it was observed that the CO reaction mechanism can differ when measured in mixtures with other gases as opposed to when it is detected in isolation, which leads to lower sensitivities to the target gas. To better understand such changes, we offer a complete description of carbon nanostructure-based chemosensors for the detection of CO from the sensing mechanism of each material to the water solution strategies for the composite nanomaterials and the choice of morphology for enhancing a layers’ conductivity. Then, a series of state-of-the-art resistive chemosensors that make use of nanocomposite materials is analyzed, with performance being assessed based on their detection range and sensitivity.

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Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites

Cited by 39 publications

References 133 publications

Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors

Multifunctional carbon nanomaterials for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases and tumors

Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation Applications: A Review

Resistive Chemosensors for the Detection of CO Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanocomposites: A Review

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