Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Mendoza, Alexander; Asrat, Thomas; Liu, Favian; Wonnenberg, Pauline; Zestos, Alexander G.

doi:10.3390/s20041173

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, such N-shaped FSCV waveforms cannot be effectively used to detect DA since DA sensing requires a more negative holding potential to facilitate the cationic adsorption on the electrode surface and to detect the DA reduction peak (Swamy and Venton 2007a;Zestos et al 2014). On the other hand, different high surface area carbon materials (Swamy and Venton 2007a;Yang et al 2017;Zestos et al 2014), have been investigated and shown promising fouling resistance to 5-HT reaction byproduct (Mendoza et al 2020;Swamy and Venton 2007a;Weese et al 2019;Zestos et al 2014), which has been mainly attributed to the presence of defect sites in high density (Mendoza et al 2020;Zestos et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

Castagnola¹,

Garg²,

Rastogi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<div>Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and motor functions. The development of a high sensitivity real-time sensor for multi-site detection of DA with high spatial resolution has critical implications for both neuroscience and clinical communities to improve understanding and treatments of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present high-surface area out-of-plane grown three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (3DFG) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for highly selective, sensitive, and stable DA electrochemical sensing. 3DFG microelectrodes present a remarkable sensitivity to DA (2.87 ± 0.25 nA/nM, with</div><div>LOD of 990±15 pM), the highest reported for nanocarbon MEAs using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). The high surface area of 3DFG allows for miniaturization of electrode down to 2 x 2 μm^2, without compromising the electrochemical performance. Moreover, 3DFG MEAs are electrochemically stable under 7.2 million scans of continuous FSCV cycling, present exceptional selectivity over the most common interferents in vitro with minimum fouling by electrochemical byproducts, and can discriminate DA and serotonin (5-HT) in response to the injection of their 50:50 mixture. These results highlight the potential of 3DFG MEAs as a promising platform for FSCV based multi-site detection of DA with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution.</div>

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

Castagnola¹,

Garg²,

Rastogi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…CNTYM also has an advantage over CFM in distinguishing electroactive species, as it exhibits sharper peaks in response to DA, AA, and other neurochemicals, due to faster electron transfer kinetics. Sensors incorporating CNT yarn have been recently reported for the detection of DA, 5-HT, and glucose [ 83 , 84 , 85 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring

Tan

Robbins

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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The brain is a complex network that accounts for only 5% of human mass but consumes 20% of our energy. Uncovering the mysteries of the brain’s functions in motion, memory, learning, behavior, and mental health remains a hot but challenging topic. Neurochemicals in the brain, such as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, gliotransmitters, hormones, and metabolism substrates and products, play vital roles in mediating and modulating normal brain function, and their abnormal release or imbalanced concentrations can cause various diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. A wide range of techniques have been used to probe the concentrations of neurochemicals under normal, stimulated, diseased, and drug-induced conditions in order to understand the neurochemistry of drug mechanisms and develop diagnostic tools or therapies. Recent advancements in detection methods, device fabrication, and new materials have resulted in the development of neurochemical sensors with improved performance. However, direct in vivo measurements require a robust sensor that is highly sensitive and selective with minimal fouling and reduced inflammatory foreign body responses. Here, we review recent advances in neurochemical sensor development for in vivo studies, with a focus on electrochemical and optical probes. Other alternative methods are also compared. We discuss in detail the in vivo challenges for these methods and provide an outlook for future directions.

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“… 31 − 35 Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) coupled with CFMEs is a commonly used electrochemical technique to detect neurotransmitters in the brain with subsecond temporal resolution. 32 , 34 , 36 − 39 , 65 In recent years, it has been explored to study the rapid purinergic signaling in the brain. Specifically, the Venton laboratory showed that adenosine can be detected with FSCV utilizing the triangle waveforms at high (1.45 V) switching potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

et al. 2021

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DNA and RNA have been measured with many techniques but often with relatively long analysis times. In this study, we utilize fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for the subsecond codetection of adenine, guanine, and cytosine, first as free nucleosides, and then within custom synthesized oligos, plasmid DNA, and RNA from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Previous studies have shown the detection of adenosine and guanosine with FSCV with high spatiotemporal resolution, while we have extended the assay to include cytidine and adenine, guanine, and cytosine in RNA and single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA and dSDNA). We find that FSCV testing has a higher sensitivity and yields higher peak oxidative currents when detecting shorter oligonucleotides and ssDNA samples at equivalent nucleobase concentrations. This is consistent with an electrostatic repulsion from negatively charged oxide groups on the surface of the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME), the negative holding potential, and the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Moreover, as opposed to dsDNA, ssDNA nucleobases are not hydrogen-bonded to one another and thus are free to adsorb onto the surface of the carbon electrode. We also demonstrate that the simultaneous determination of nucleobases is not masked even in biologically complex serum samples. This is the first report demonstrating that FSCV, when used with CFMEs, is able to codetect nucleobases when polymerized into DNA or RNA and could potentially pave the way for future uses in clinical, diagnostic, or research applications.

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Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

Recent Advances in In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring

Direct Detection of DNA and RNA on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

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