“…7) revealed that cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ ), carbohydrates (Glu, Fru, Suc), amino acids (Lys, Trp, Tyr), Chol and BSA had ignorable reducibility of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ , which made most fluorescence of NCD-m to be quenched by Fe 3+ . Additionally, the chemical structures of AA, Cys, TA, CA and GSH contained reducing groups such as carboxyl and thiol [47], which results in the striking conversion of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . Due to the different reducibility of these reductants, fluorescence of NCD-m was preserved to varying degrees.…”