Carbon dioxide emissions of Antarctic tourism

Farreny, Ramon; Oliver-Solà, Jordi; Lamers, Machiel; Amelung, Bas; Gabarrell, Xavier; Rieradevall, Joan; Boada, Martí; Benayas, Javier

doi:10.1017/s0954102011000435

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…However, when warming is combined with increased summer rain, the future Arctic regional carbon budget may depend on changes in summer rainfall, but not on temperature (Sharp et al ., ). Compared with the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, biogeochemical cycles in the polar regions are probably less influenced by human activities and more impacted by ice and ocean processes, despite the already noticed effect of Antarctic tourism on carbon emissions (Farreny et al ., ).…”

Section: Comparisons With Polar Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Chen

Zhu

Peng

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

735

397

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With a pace of about twice the observed rate of global warming, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Earth's 'third pole') has increased by 0.2°C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane (CH 4 ) emissions from wetlands and increased CH 4 consumption of meadows, but might increase CH 4 emissions from lakes. Warming-induced permafrost thawing and glaciers melting would also result in substantial emission of old carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and CH 4 . Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission was not stimulated by warming itself, but might be slightly enhanced by wetting. However, there are many uncertainties in such biogeochemical cycles under climate change. Human activities (e.g. grazing, land cover changes) further modified the biogeochemical cycles and amplified such uncertainties on the plateau. If the projected warming and wetting continues, the future biogeochemical cycles will be more complicated. So facing research in this field is an ongoing challenge of integrating field observations with process-based ecosystem models to predict the impacts of future climate change and human activities at various temporal and spatial scales. To reduce the uncertainties and to improve the precision of the predictions of the impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles, efforts should focus on conducting more field observation studies, integrating data within improved models, and developing new knowledge about coupling among carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles as well as about the role of microbes in these cycles.

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Section: Comparisons With Polar Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Chen

Zhu

Peng

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

735

397

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The atmospheric distribution of PAHs over the Scotia, Bellingshausen and NW Weddell Seas showed that LRAT is a conveyor of PAHs to the Southern Ocean but its contribution seems to be smaller than the input from both, land based and ship-borne research and touristic activity 26 . Most ship traffic to the Antarctic takes place in the AP region and it has grown exponentially during the last 30 years 14 , 27 , 28 . On the other hand, this comparatively small region hosts approximately 43% of the Antarctic research facilities ( http://www.comnap.aq ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic anthropogenic signature in Antarctic continental shelf and deep sea sediments

Isla

Pérez-Albaladejo²,

Porte³

2018

Sci Rep

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Industrial activity generates harmful substances which can travel via aerial or water currents thousands of kilometers away from the place they were used impacting the local biota where they deposit. The presence of harmful anthropogenic substances in the Antarctic is particularly surprising and striking due to its remoteness and the apparent geophysical isolation developed with the flows of the Antarctic Circumpolar current and the ring of westerly winds surrounding the continent. However, long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of pollutants has been detected in the Antarctic since the 70’s along the Antarctic trophic food web from phytoplankton to birds. Still, no information exists on the presence of cytotoxic compounds in marine sediments neither at basin scales (thousands of kilometers) nor in water depths (hundreds of meters) beyond shallow coastal areas near research stations. Our results showed for the first time that there is cytotoxic activity in marine sediment extracts from water depths >1000 m and along thousands of kilometers of Antarctic continental shelf, in some cases comparable to that observed in Mediterranean areas. Ongoing anthropogenic pressure appears as a serious threat to the sessile benthic communities, which have evolved in near isolation for millions of years in these environments.

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“…In contrast, the bottom-top method is suitable for measuring small regions, such as the tourism footprint of local or scenic spots, without statistical or satellite tourism data. Visitor surveys can be customized to reflect greater levels of detail [28], as in studies on the Penghu Islands, China [32]; the city of Whistler, Canada [64]; and Antarctica [65]. Some exceptions in the literature include a study that measured tourism carbon emissions for Huangshan National Park, China [33], using the top-bottom method because it is a developed park with a complete database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

Wang

Yi-yuan

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The tourism footprint family comprises the tourism ecological footprint (TEF), the tourism carbon footprint (TCF) and the tourism water footprint (TWF). The tourism footprint represents an important tool for quantitatively assessing the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of a tourist destination. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature on TEF, TCF and TWF, analyses and summarizes the main progress and failures in the analytical frameworks, research methods, measurement results, environmental impacts and reductions in the tourism footprint. This paper also proposes areas for further developing the tourism footprint research, including unifying the analytical frameworks and boundaries of the tourism footprint, distinguishing the geographical scope of the tourism footprint effectively, improving the process of analyzing the environmental impact of the tourism footprint, measuring the tourism footprint scientifically and roundly, performing space-time calculations of the tourism footprint, and expanding the tourism footprint family by introducing new members. Accordingly, this paper is devoted to the continued study of the tourism footprint.

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Carbon dioxide emissions of Antarctic tourism

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Toxic anthropogenic signature in Antarctic continental shelf and deep sea sediments

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

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