Carbon Balance and Contribution of Harvested Wood Products in China Based on the Production Approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ji, Chunyi; Cao, Wei; Chen, Yong; Yang, Hongqiang

doi:10.3390/ijerph13111132

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To some extent, the limited sources of non-renewable materials, growing environmental awareness and demand for wood could exceed its sustainable supply [15]. Recently, the idea of energy and carbon balances of wood supply chains has been frequently emphasised in climate mitigation [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Carbon Balance of Harvested Wood Products Resulting from Different Wood Utilization Scenarios

Parobek

Paluš

Moravčík

et al. 2019

Forests

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The bioeconomy focuses on the production of renewable biological resources and the utilisation of these resources and waste streams into value added products. One of the most important aims of the forest industry is the sustainable production of wood. Improved utilization of available industrial wood assortments generates profit for all in the supply chain. At the same time, it may ensure the production of long-life harvested wood products (HWP), and consequently, increase the volume of carbon stored. The objective of this study is to compare different scenarios of industrial wood utilization in Slovakia and the resulting impacts on the national carbon balance. In the proposed scenarios, we aimed to evaluate changes in the current utilization of domestic wood resources through optimizing harvested wood assortments. Two inventory stock methods were applied to determine the potential quality of domestic wood and its utilization through appropriate distribution of outputs. The model scenario assumes that the higher share of industrial roundwood utilised to produce long-life HWP (sawnwood, wood-based panels) will increase carbon sequestration in HWP. Other scenarios quantify the differences between the carbon volumes stored in HWP using the modelled wood assortment supplemented with alternatives with and without export. The results confirmed that increasing the level of carbon stored in HWP can be achieved by changing the wood assortment structure, while maintaining the same level of volume felled. The highest level of carbon stock was observed in the scenario assuming the optimal structure of wood assortments and no wood export. The scenario that optimized wood assortments and excluded wood exports resulted in the highest level of predicted carbon stock, estimated at 4.87 million tons (mil. tons).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Carbon Balance of Harvested Wood Products Resulting from Different Wood Utilization Scenarios

Parobek

Paluš

Moravčík

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…7 for a review) has focused on the carbon budget (8,9) or methods for accounting for carbon in HWPs (8,10,11). In recent years, country-level analyses have been conducted on historical data, finding an increase in the accumulation of carbon within the HWP pool in the United States (11), Portugal (12), Canada (13), Ireland (14), the European Union (15), Japan (16), and China (17). Others have shown similar historic trends across the globe (8,10), but relied on outdated…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global mitigation potential of carbon stored in harvested wood products

Johnston

Radeloff

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

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Carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWPs) can affect national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, in which the production and end use of HWPs play a key role. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides guidance on HWP carbon accounting, which is sensitive to future developments of socioeconomic factors including population, income, and trade. We estimated the carbon stored within HWPs from 1961 to 2065 for 180 countries following IPCC carbon-accounting guidelines, consistent with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT) historical data and plausible futures outlined by the shared socioeconomic pathways. We found that the global HWP pool was a net annual sink of 335 Mt of CO2 equivalent (CO2e)⋅y−1 in 2015, offsetting substantial amounts of industrial processes within some countries, and as much as 441 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 by 2030 under certain socioeconomic developments. Furthermore, there is a considerable sequestration gap (71 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 of unaccounted carbon storage in 2015 and 120 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 by 2065) under current IPCC Good Practice Guidance, as traded feedstock is ineligible for national GHG inventories. However, even under favorable socioeconomic conditions, and when accounting for the sequestration gap, carbon stored annually in HWPs is <1% of global emissions. Furthermore, economic shocks can turn the HWP pool into a carbon source either long-term—e.g., the collapse of the USSR—or short-term—e.g., the US economic recession of 2008/09. In conclusion, carbon stored within end-use HWPs varies widely across countries and depends on evolving market forces.

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“…Johnston and Radeloff [31] provided similar values of off-set level the global emissions and concluded carbon stored within end-use HWPs varies widely across countries and depends on evolving market forces. Johnston and Radeloff [31] also evaluated there is a considerable sequestration gap (71 Mt of CO 2 e year −1 of unaccounted carbon storage in 2015) under the current GHG Table 5 Summary of HWP reporting in GHG inventories 1990-2016 for each Annex I country IO instantaneous oxidation, SC stock-change, P production, SCAD stock change approach for HWP of domestic origin, S simple-decay, KP applying the LULUCF accounting rule for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, NE not estimated, NO not occurring a Difference between a hypothetical baseline based on the average of annual carbon stock changes for the period from 1990 to 2016 and the largest carbon gains within the top one-third for the same period [32], although GHG inventory has not included HWP estimation. The potential impact of HWP in the context of accounting for emission reductions is assumed from a comparison between a hypothetical baseline based on the average of annual carbon stock changes from 1990 to 2016 and the largest carbon gains within the top onethird of countries in the same period.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Current Contribution Of Hwp In The Reported mentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessing the contribution of harvested wood products under greenhouse gas estimation: accounting under the Paris Agreement and the potential for double-counting among the choice of approaches

Satō

Nojiri

2019

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background: There are multiple approaches for estimating emissions and removals arising from harvested wood products (HWP) based on differences between when and where a given carbon stock change is calculated. At this moment, countries are free to use any HWP approach to prepare their annual greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory and determine emission reduction targets for their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), although under the Paris Agreement (PA), the production approach is used for standard reporting in GHG inventories. Global double-counting and non-counting of HWP might occur depending on the HWP approach each country uses; however, the impact of such double-counting and non-counting has not been thoroughly evaluated. Results: We identified all cases of global double-counting and non-counting of HWP for combinations of the six HWP approaches: 'instantaneous oxidation' , 'stock-change' , 'production' , 'stock-changes approach for HWP of domestic origin (SCAD)' , 'simple-decay' and 'atmospheric-flow' approaches. In Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), forest land is often partly or completely excluded, especially by developing countries. In such cases, HWP approaches that require comprehensive national data on wood harvesting and trade are not suitable for estimating HWP contributions. In addition, most developing countries apply the 'instantaneous oxidation' at the time of harvesting. Recent GHG inventories from Annex I countries show the averaged contribution of annual HWP emissions or removals to national total emissions is nearly 1%; therefore, the potential contribution of HWP to the accounted emission reduction volume is assumed to be a smaller value. Conclusions: Instantaneous oxidation remains a pragmatic approach for countries in which wood production is not a dominant part of the economy. The combination of 'instantaneous oxidation' with the 'production' , 'SCAD' or 'simpledecay' approaches could be a practical solution to realize a global HWP accounting approach the eliminates doublecounting. Regardless of how global double-counting and non-counting occur, the amount is not large. To improve the accuracy of the global assessment, it is important to reduce the uncertainty of estimation regarding when and how much HWP-related emissions occur at national level.

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Carbon Balance and Contribution of Harvested Wood Products in China Based on the Production Approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in Carbon Balance of Harvested Wood Products Resulting from Different Wood Utilization Scenarios

Changes in Carbon Balance of Harvested Wood Products Resulting from Different Wood Utilization Scenarios

Global mitigation potential of carbon stored in harvested wood products

Assessing the contribution of harvested wood products under greenhouse gas estimation: accounting under the Paris Agreement and the potential for double-counting among the choice of approaches

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