Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from cowpea plants part decomposing in moist and in repeatedly dried and wetted soil

Franzluebbers, Kathrin; Weaver, R. W.; Juo, A. S. R.; Franzluebbers, Alan J.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90221-6

Cited by 123 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A number of microorganisms are known to survive during the drying, due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic role as osmoregulator in the cell (Halverson, 2000). This was supported by Franzluebbers et al (1994) who stated that rewetting of the dry soil would change C, which showed the microorganism's activities in the soil after rewetting process. According to Baldwin and Mitchell (2000), the repetition of drying and wetting over longer time periods will allow bacterial to reproduce rapidly when favorable environmental conditions and can outlive unfavorable conditions by producing a resting stages.…”

Section: Organic-c Contentsupporting

confidence: 53%

Untitled

2015

J.Degrad. Min. Land Manage.

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Soils from a toposequence in northern slope of Mt. Kawi, Malang were sampled to study the effect of amorphous content on the irreversible drying properties of the soils. Water, clay, organic-C, and available P contents were measured at field capacity (KL), after air-drying for 2 days (K2) , air-drying for 4 days (K4), oven-drying at 40°C for 1 day (Ko), as well as after rewetting K2 (KL2); K4 (KL4), and Ko (KLo). The results showed that water, clay, organic-C, and available P contents changed after drying and rewetting processes. Drying process decreased clay content but increased available P content. Clay and water content of the rewetted samples, especially after oven-drying (KLo) were lower than at initial field capacity (KL), as indication of irreversible properties. In contrast, available P and organic-C content were higher after drying-rewetting processes. Variation of water, clay, organic-C, and available P contents after drying-rewetting processes were significantly affected by respected properties at initial field capacity. These properties tended to change in accordance to Al o +½Fe o content. The effect of Al o +½Fe o content, however was statisticaly detected only on the water content at KLo (rewetted after oven-dried) and on organic C content at KL2 and KL4 (rewetted after air-dried for 2 and 4 days).

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Section: Organic-c Contentsupporting

confidence: 53%

Untitled

2015

J.Degrad. Min. Land Manage.

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“…The method used in this study assumes that the C mineralized initially had a fast turnover and is labile (fast pool), while the remaining fraction has a slow turnover and is recalcitrant (slow pool) (Townsend et al 1997). We used a two pool first-order kinetics model used in prior works (Breland 1994;Franzluebbers et al 1994;Bernal et al 1998):…”

Section: Calculation Of Soil Carbon Poolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-soil interactions and acclimation to temperature of microbial-mediated soil respiration may affect predictions of soil CO2 efflux

Yuste

Baldocchi

2009

Biogeochemistry

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It is well known that microbial-mediated soil respiration, the major source of CO 2 from terrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to temperature. Here, we hypothesize that some mechanisms, such as acclimation of microbial respiration to temperature and/or regulation by plant fresh C inputs of the temperature sensitivity of decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), should be taken into account to predict soil respiration correctly. Specifically, two hypotheses were tested: (1) under warm conditions, temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) and basal rates of microbial-mediated soil respiration (Bs 20, respiration at a given temperature) would be primarily subjected to presence/absence of plant fresh C inputs; and (2) under cold conditions, where labile C depletion occurred more slowly, microbial-mediated soil respiration could adjust its optimal temperatures to colder temperatures (acclimation), resulting in a net increase of respiration rates for a given temperature (Bs 20 ). For this purpose, intact soil cores from an oak savanna ecosystem were incubated with sufficient water supply at two contrasting temperatures (10 and 30°C) during 140 days. To study temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, short-term temperature cycles (from 5 to 40°C at 8 h steps) were applied periodically to the soils. Our results confirmed both hypotheses. Under warm conditions ANCOVA and likelihood ratio tests confirmed that both Q 10 and Bs 20 decreased significantly during the incubation. Further addition of glucose at the end of the incubation period increased Bs 20 and Q 10 to initial values. The observed decrease in temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) in absence of labile C disagrees with the broadly accepted fact that temperature sensitivity of the process increases as quality of the substrate decreases. Our experiment also shows that after 2 months of incubation cold-incubated soils doubled the rates of respiration at cold temperatures causing a strong increase in basal respiration rates (Bs 20 ). This suggest that microbial community may have up-regulated their metabolism at cold conditions (cold-acclimation), which also disagrees with most observations to date. The manuscript discusses those two apparent contradictions: the decrease in temperature sensitivity in absence of labile C and the increase in microbial-mediated soil respiration rates at cold temperatures. While this is only a case study, the trends observed could open the controversy over the validity of current soil respiration models.

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“…In addition, cooler soil temperatures have been shown to impede nitrification rates more than ammonification rates (Campbell et al, 1971). The lack of tillage in 2010 and change from barley straw residue (C/N = 81) to corn residue (C/N = 35) may have inhibited growth and activity of soil nitrifiers (Doran, 1980;Rice and Smith, 1983;Franzluebbers et al, 1994) and increased activity of nitrate reducers (Chèneby et al, 2010). This confluence of factors may explain why NH 4 -N gains were greater in late-summer 2010 buried bags than in other years, resulting in a large increase in the proportion of soil NH 4 -N concentrations relative to NO 3 -N (Fig.…”

Section: Biochar's Effect On Corn Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and Manure Effects on Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Calcareous Soil under Corn

Lentz

Ippolito

Spokas³

2014

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Few multiyear field studies have examined the impacts of a one‐time biochar application on net N mineralization and greenhouse gas emissions in an irrigated, calcareous soil; yet this use of biochar is hypothesized as a means of sequestering atmospheric CO2 and improving soil quality. We fall‐applied four treatments: stockpiled dairy manure (42 Mg ha−1 dry wt.), hardwood‐derived biochar (22.4 Mg ha−1), combined biochar and manure, and no amendments (control). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in all plots and years based on treatment's preseason soil test N and crop requirements and accounting for estimated N mineralized from added manure. From 2009 to 2011, we measured greenhouse gas fluxes using vented chambers, net N mineralization using buried bags, corn (Zea mays L.) yield, and N uptake, and in a succeeding year, root and shoot biomass and biomass C and N concentrations. Both amendments produced persistent soil effects. Manure increased seasonal and 3‐yr cumulative net N mineralization, root biomass, and root/shoot ratio 1.6‐fold, CO2–C gas flux 1.2‐fold, and reduced the soil NH4/NO3 ratio 58% relative to no‐manure treatments. When compared with a class comprising all other treatments, biochar‐only produced 33% less cumulative net N mineralization, 20% less CO2–C, and 50% less N2O‐N gas emissions, and increased the soil NH4/NO3 ratio 1.8‐fold, indicating that biochar impaired nitrification and N immobilization processes. The multi‐year nature of biochar's influence implies that a long‐term driver is involved, possibly related to biochar's enduring porosity and surface chemistry characteristics. While the biochar‐only treatment demonstrated a potential to increase corn yields and minimize CO2–C and N2O‐N gas emissions in these calcareous soils, biochar also caused decreased corn yields under conditions in which NH4–N dominated the soil inorganic N pool. Combining biochar with manure more effectively utilized the two soil amendments, as it eliminated potential yield reductions caused by biochar and maximized manure net N mineralization potential.

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Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from cowpea plants part decomposing in moist and in repeatedly dried and wetted soil

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Plant-soil interactions and acclimation to temperature of microbial-mediated soil respiration may affect predictions of soil CO2 efflux

Biochar and Manure Effects on Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Calcareous Soil under Corn

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