Carbohydrate Metabolism: Storage Carbohydrates

Avigad, Gad; Dey, Prakash M.

doi:10.1016/b978-012214674-9/50005-9

Cited by 80 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 419 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The concept of two distinct pathways for sucrose degradation was reported earlier [30], one mediated by sucrose synthase and other by invertases. Sucrose synthase another sucrose cleaving enzyme in addition to invertase also plays an important role as sucrose cleaving enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, which in presence of UDP converts sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose [31]. The UDP glucose provides a substrate that can be used directly or after modification and transported to other cellular components for synthesis of cellulose, pectins and starch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation for High Temperature Tolerance in Relation to Carbon Partitioning and Grain Sink Activity in Wheat

Asthir¹,

Kaur²,

Bains³

et al. 2012

AJPS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of high temperature tolerance in relation to carbon partitioning and grain sink activity was studied in ten genotypes of wheat (viz C 306, PBW 343, PBW 502, PBW 509, PBW 521, PBW 522, PBW 550, Inqalab, WL 711 and Sonalika) under normal (November, 25.6˚C during grain filling) and late planting conditions (December, 29.4˚C). Contents of reducing sugars first increased till actively metabolizing stage i.e. 14 days after anthesis (DAA) in parallel with the activity of acid invertase and thereafter declined. Significant reduction in total free sugars and sucrose content was observed during grain development. Acid invertase activity got induced especially in PBW 343 and C 306 under late sown conditions, whereas sucrose synthase, total amylase activities got repressed. Sucrose synthase was significantly high at all stages and it predominated over invertases. Neutral invertase and total amylase showed peak activity of one week earlier in the late sown crop as compared to normal sown crop. A premature cessation of starch deposition occurred in cvs PBW 521, PBW 522 under late sown conditions due to shortening of grain filling period. Our results suggest that decline in sugar content in spite of high sucrolytic enzymes may be correlated to more utilization of assimilates over production/translocation for grain sink activity under high temperature influences. Knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie carbohydrate partitioning in diverse genotypes could be exploited for generating germplasm that can tolerate high temperature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation for High Temperature Tolerance in Relation to Carbon Partitioning and Grain Sink Activity in Wheat

Asthir¹,

Kaur²,

Bains³

et al. 2012

AJPS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other important enzymes in rice photosynthesis physiology, and most related to grain filling, are sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Sucrose is the primary transport carbohydrate in rice and most other higher plants (Avigad and Dey, 1996;Taiz and Zeiger, 1998) and has been shown to be a major enzyme involved in grain filling (Castleden et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Basis of Improved Performance of Super Rice (Oryza sativa) to Deep Placed Fertilizer with Precision Hill-drilling Machine

Kargbo¹,

Pan²,

Mo³

et al. 2016

IJAB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To cite this paper: Kargbo, M.B., P. Shenggang, M. Zhaowen, W. Zaiman, L. Xiwen, T. Hua, Md. F. Hossain, U. Ashraf and T.X. Ru, 2016. Physiological basis of improved performance of super rice (Oryza sativa) to deep placed fertilizer with precision hill-drilling machine. AbstractField experiment on deep placement of fertilizers was carried out using precision hill-drilling machine with the objective of determining super rice growth and photosynthesis characteristics, as well as grain quality in South China. With 'no fertilizer' as control, the four fertilizer combinations were 100 kg N ha . Super rice special fertilizer comprised 12.5% N, 6.0% P2O5, 10.0% K2O and 15% organic matter. The super rice varieties were Yuejingsimiao 2 (inbred) and Peizataifeng (hybrid) common in South China. The design was splitplot with three replications. Plant height, LAI, SPAD and net photosynthetic rate (NPR) were affected by both variety and fertilizer. Application of 100 kg N ha -1 gave highest GS activity at booting 125 kg N ha -1 resulted in a favorable GS activity from booting to full-heading. SPS activity at booting was highest with 125 kg N ha -1 + 60 kg SiO2 ha -1. Application of 100 kg N ha -1 + 60 kg SiO2 ha -1 to Peizataifeng showed higher GS and SPS activity at booting, and gave the highest head rice rate. While milled rice yield was not, brown rice yield, head rice recovery, rice with chalkiness, and chalky ratio were affected by variety and fertilizer. Treatments were significantly different from each other in polished grain protein and amylose content. Yuejinsimiao 2 fertilized with 125 kg N ha -1 + 60 kg SiO2 ha -1 recorded the highest protein content and non-fertilized Peizataifeng the least. While Peizataifeng fertilized with 125 kg N ha -1 accumulated the highest amount of amylose, Yuejinsimiao 2 fertilized with 100 kg ha -1 + 60 kg SiO2 ha -1 had the least. In hybrid Peizataifeng, grain amylose was lower with the silicon-added fertilizers. In inbred Yuejinsimiao 2, grain protein was least when no fertilizer was applied and it increased with addition of silicon and increase in N% of fertilizer. We concluded that deep application of rice special fertilizer can improve growth and photosynthesis characteristics, as well as the quality of super hybrid rice.

show abstract

“…These water-soluble, nonreducing carbohydrates are widespread in the plant kingdom. In many cases, they are direct photosynthetic products and are used for storage, translocation, and utilization of carbon as well as for protection against different abiotic stresses such as those caused by frost, drought, and salt (for review, see Kandler and Hopf, 1984;Keller and Pharr, 1996;Avigad and Dey, 1997;). The best-studied and most widespread RFOs are the two short-chain RFOs, the trisaccharide raffinose (Gal 1 -Suc) and the tetrasaccharide stachyose (Gal 2 -Suc).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of the Raffinose Oligosaccharide Chain Elongation Enzyme, Galactan:Galactan Galactosyltransferase, from Common Bugle Leaves

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase (GGT) is a unique enzyme of the raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the chain elongation of RFOs without using galactinol (a-galactosyl-myoinositol) by simply transferring a terminal a-galactosyl residue from one RFO molecule to another one. Here, we report the cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding GGT from leaves of the common bugle (Ajuga reptans), a winter-hardy long-chain RFO-storing Lamiaceae. The cDNA comprises an open reading frame of 1215 bp. Expression in tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) protoplasts resulted in a functional recombinant protein, which showed GGT activity like the previously described purified, native GGT enzyme. At the amino acid level, GGT shows high homologies ([60%) to acid plant a-galactosidases of the family 27 of glycosylhydrolases. It is clearly distinct from the family 36 of glycosylhydrolases, which harbor galactinol-dependent raffinose and stachyose synthases as well as alkaline a-galactosidases. Physiological studies on the role of GGT confirmed that GGT plays a key role in RFO chain elongation and carbon storage. When excised leaves were exposed to chilling temperatures, levels of GGT transcripts, enzyme activities, and long-chain RFO concentrations increased concomitantly. On a whole-plant level, chilling temperatures induced GGT expression mainly in the roots and fully developed leaves, both known RFO storage organs of the common bugle, indicating an adaptation of the metabolism from active growth to transient storage in the cold.

show abstract

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Storage Carbohydrates

Cited by 80 publications

References 419 publications

Genotypic Variation for High Temperature Tolerance in Relation to Carbon Partitioning and Grain Sink Activity in Wheat

Genotypic Variation for High Temperature Tolerance in Relation to Carbon Partitioning and Grain Sink Activity in Wheat

Physiological Basis of Improved Performance of Super Rice (Oryza sativa) to Deep Placed Fertilizer with Precision Hill-drilling Machine

Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of the Raffinose Oligosaccharide Chain Elongation Enzyme, Galactan:Galactan Galactosyltransferase, from Common Bugle Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About