Carbides refinement and mechanical properties improvement of H13 die steel by magnetic-controlled electroslag remelting

Ma, Chao; Xia, Zhibin; Guo, Yifeng; Liu, Weifeng; Zhao, Xuhui; Li, Qiang; Qi, Wentao; Zhong, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.090

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As the size of the die steel increases, the molten pool becomes deeper and the carbides would become coarser during the ESR process of large ingots. To solve such problems, Ma et al [ 89 ] applied an axial static magnetic field (ASMF) to conventional ESR and analyzed the effect on H13 die steel. Figure 5 b shows the carbide morphology of the traditional ESR process H13 die steel under a frequency of 50 Hz and 600 mA alternating current.…”

Section: Development In Microstructure Manipulation and Strengthening...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development Trend in Composition Optimization, Microstructure Manipulation, and Strengthening Methods of Die Steels under Lightweight and Integrated Die Casting

Bao,

Yang,

Dong

et al. 2023

Materials

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In the general environment of lightweight automobiles, the integrated die-casting technology proposed by Tesla has become the general mode to better achieve weight reduction in automobiles. The die-casting mold required by integrated die-casting technology has the characteristics of large scale and complexity. Hence, higher requirements are put forward for the comprehensive performance of the die steel. Despite the stagnation in the progress of conventional strengthening methods, enhancing the performance of die steel has become increasingly challenging. Indeed, it necessitates exploring novel die steel and optimizing heat treatment and reinforcement technologies. This article summarizes and analyzes the development status of die steel and corresponding heat treatment and microstructure manipulation as well as strengthening methods and elaborates on an excellent nano-strengthening technology. Furthermore, this review will aid researchers in establishing a comprehensive understanding of the development status of die steel and the processes utilized for its strengthening. It will also assist them in developing die steel with improved comprehensive performance to meet the high demand for mold steel in the integrated die-casting technology of the new era.

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Section: Development In Microstructure Manipulation and Strengthening...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical chart of the inclusion percentage in ESR ingots: ( d ) 600 A; 0 mT and ( e ) 600 A; 50 mT. Mechanism diagram of the ESR process under different parameters: ( f ) absence of the ASMF treatment and ( g ) presence of the ASMF treatment [ 89 ].…”

Section: Development In Microstructure Manipulation and Strengthening...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Trend in Composition Optimization, Microstructure Manipulation, and Strengthening Methods of Die Steels under Lightweight and Integrated Die Casting

Bao,

Yang,

Dong

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Large primary carbonitrides are precipitated for interdendritic segregation during the solidification process [2,3]. Extensive research has been conducted, showing that alloying elements such as Ti [2], Nb [3], and Mg [4], and rare-earth metals [5][6][7], could affect the precipitation and characteristics of carbonitrides in H13, in addition to the cooling rate and axial static magnetic field during the solidification process [8,9]. There are mainly two kinds of MC precipitates in H13, including V-rich and Ti-containing carbonitrides [2,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ti and N Contents on the Characteristic Evolution and Thermal Stability of MC Carbonitrides Holding at 1250 °C in H13 Die Steel

Sun,

Gao,

Shang

et al. 2024

Metals

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The evolution of MC-type primary carbonitrides (M=V, Ti, Mo; C=C, N) in terms of morphology, quantity, size and composition was systematically investigated in commercial H13 die steels with different Ti and N contents during thermal holding at 1250 °C for 5 h to 15 h. Results showed that the mean size and quantity of carbonitrides in the four samples had decreased during thermal holding. However, the mean size and quantity of MC carbonitrides had increased with increasing Ti contents when held at 1250 °C while the addition of N increased the quantity but decreased the sizes of the stable MC carbonitrides. It was concluded that the compact carbonitrides could be decomposed and changed into a fishnet structure when held at 1250 °C, especially in samples #1 and #2 containing lower Ti and N contents. The decomposition mechanism was illustrated considering the changes in Ti and Fe elements in carbonitrides. On the basis of the thermodynamic model, the thermal stability of (Tix,V1−x)(Cy,N1−y), with a larger x value, in samples #3 and #4 containing more Ti and N contents was generally higher than those in samples #1 and #2. To control the Ti-containing MC carbonitrides, the low Ti and N contents and high holding temperature should be taken into consideration.

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“…Compared to the imposed alternating MF (electromagnetic stirring) or pulsed MF on the ESR process proposed by other researchers [36,37], because skin effect (due to the water-cooled mold) tends to happen with the application of alternating or cyclic MF, there is a significant benefit for static MF. Such technology is currently being investigated for a variety of steel grades including low-alloyed GCr15 bearing steel [38,39], medium-alloyed H13 die steel [40,41], and high-alloyed M2 HSS [42,43]. Guo et al [42,43] applied a transverse static MF (TSMF, with different magnetic flux densities) for regulating M2 HSS solidification upon ESR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Control of Metal Pool and Eutectic Carbides in Electroslag Remelted M2 HSS with an External Axial Static Magnetic Field

Zhao

Sun

Xia

et al. 2023

Metals

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This study investigates the influence of a superimposed axial static magnetic field (ASMF) on the morphology of metal pool and eutectic carbides (ECs) in electroslag remelted M2 high-speed steel (HSS). The application of ASMF caused the metal pool to become shallower, and the solidified structure to expand axially, along with finer (i.e., more uniformly distributed and crystallographically oriented) ECs. Lorentz force-driven unidirectional circulation in slag pool was the primary cause of the metal pool’s morphological adjustment; this resulted in a more homogenous temperature distribution in slag pool. Thus, the heat transfer from the slag pool to the metal pool became more uniform, creating a metal pool that is shallower. Additionally, local solidification time (LST) became shorter, while the number of (Ti, V)N-Al2O3 inclusions serving as heterogeneous nuclei for EC formation increased due to ASMF, enabling finer EC with more crystallographic orientations in ESR ingots.

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Carbides refinement and mechanical properties improvement of H13 die steel by magnetic-controlled electroslag remelting

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Development Trend in Composition Optimization, Microstructure Manipulation, and Strengthening Methods of Die Steels under Lightweight and Integrated Die Casting

Development Trend in Composition Optimization, Microstructure Manipulation, and Strengthening Methods of Die Steels under Lightweight and Integrated Die Casting

Effects of Ti and N Contents on the Characteristic Evolution and Thermal Stability of MC Carbonitrides Holding at 1250 °C in H13 Die Steel

Morphology Control of Metal Pool and Eutectic Carbides in Electroslag Remelted M2 HSS with an External Axial Static Magnetic Field

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