Característica da germinação e morfologia do endocarpo e plântula de taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) - Anacardiaceae

Abstract

RESUMO -O taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) é uma espécie frutífera bastante apreciada no Norte e Nordeste do País. Porém, alguns problemas fitotécnicos ainda persistem, dentre os quais a germinação irregular e distribuída ao longo do tempo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características de germinação das sementes, indicando algumas causas que contribuem para a baixa germinação das sementes, além de contribuir com a produção de mudas de boa qualidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido sob condições ambientais no Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Os endocarpos foram colocados para secar ao ambiente e, após 24 horas, foram determinadas as massas de 20 endocarpos e, posteriormente, colocados para germinar; a cada cinco dias, este procedimento foi repetido por um período de 135 dias. As sementes de taperebá não perdem a viabilidade quando colocadas para secar ao ambiente por 135 dias. O período de dessecamento das sementes diminuiu o tempo médio de germinação. Os endocarpos de taperebá são euricárpicos, cada endocarpo contém 1 a 4 sementes viáveis. A germinação do taperebá é do tipo epígeo fanerocotiledonar. A protrusão da raiz primária e do hipocótilo ocorre na parte truncada do endocarpo. De cada endocarpo, pode germinar mais de uma semente ao mesmo tempo, porém apenas uma raiz principal se desenvolve. Termos para indexação: Spondias mombin L., tempo médio de germinação, morfologia, ABSTRACT -Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a fruit species very appreciated in northern and northeastern Brazil. However, a few phytotechnical problems still persist, such as irregular and distributed germination along the time. The aim of the present paper was to study seed germination characteristics by pointing out some causes, which contribute for poor seed germination, as well as providing useful information for producing high quality seeds. The present study was carried out under environmental conditions at the Biological Science Institute in the Federal University of Amazonas. The endocarps were put to dry in the open air. After 24 h the masses of 20 endocarps were determined and then put to germinate; this procedure was repeated every five days for 135 days. Taperebá seeds lost no viability when put to dry in the air for 135 days. The seeds drying period diminished its average germination time. Taperebá endocarps are eurocarpic, each one containing from 1 to 4 viable seeds. Taperebá germination is the epigeous fanerocotiledonar type. Radicle and hypocotyls protrusion takes place on the truncated portion of the endocarp. More than one seed can germinate at the same time from the endocarp, yet only one main root will develop.

Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of clone and ungrafted genotypes of yellow mombin tree

“…Therefore, the increased demand for yellow mombin fruits has attracted interest to the cultivation of this species, which is still considered in the process of domestication with little information about the establishment of commercial orchards (SOUZA et al, 2006). Its inclusion as a fruit species in the modern agronomic models requires, however, the identification of propagated materials whose genotypes that in addition to having high productive capacity (AZEVEDO; MENDES; FIGUEIREDO, 2004;CASSIMIRO;MACÊDO;MENINO, 2009;SOUZA et al, 2010) can produce fruits with superior functional quality (SOARES et al, 2006;DANTAS JÚNIOR, 2008).…”

Tratamento térmico de frutos da cajazeira utilizando vapor d'água, visando ao controle de Ceratitis capitata e à qualidade do fruto

“…Os frutos são comercializados e podem ser consumidos "in natura" ou na forma de sucos, sorvetes, picolés e cremes (QUEIROZ, 2000;AZEVEDO et al, 2004).…”

Pregerminative treatments of yellow mombin (<i>Spondias mombin</i> L.) seeds

“…Depending on its precedence, the nuculanium may be of different sizes with a length from 25.2 to 34.8 mm and a diameter between 13.2 and 21.2 mm (SOUZA et al, 2000;MENDES;FIGUEIREDO, 2004). Nuculanium size may be related to the speed of germination; Azevedo, Mendes and Figueiredo (2004) reported that the largest diaspores bear seeds which primary roots are emitted more promptly than those of the smaller diaspores. It is supposed that the larger nuculania were, during their formation, more well-nourished and thus have more vigorous seeds.…”