Capture severity, infectious disease processes and sex influence post-release mortality of sockeye salmon bycatch

Teffer, Amy K.; Hinch, Scott G.; Miller, Kristi; Patterson, David A.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Cooke, Steven J.; Bass, Arthur L.; Szekeres, Petra; Juanes, Francis

doi:10.1093/conphys/cox017

Cited by 60 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…We detected this bacterium in 11% of fish in samples dating back to 1985, which suggests that the organism was present in BC before the expansion of Atlantic salmon aquaculture. It is interesting and worth noting that the prevalence of this bacterium has been negligible in both juvenile and adult Sockeye samples from recent years ((Teffer et al, ); and Nekouei et al, ()), and has not been highly problematic to the BC Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) samples from British Columbia, Canada (1985–94)

Thakur

Vanderstichel

Kaukinen

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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In response to concerns that novel infectious agents were introduced through the movement of eggs as Atlantic salmon aquaculture developed in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we estimated the prevalence of infectious agents in archived return‐migrating Sockeye salmon, from before and during aquaculture expansion in BC (1985–94). Of 45 infectious agents assessed through molecular assays in 652 samples, 23 (7 bacterial, 2 viral and 14 parasitic) were detected in liver tissue from six regions in BC. Prevalence ranged from 0.005 to 0.83 and varied significantly by region and year. Agent diversity ranged from 0 to 12 per fish (median 4), with the lowest diversity observed in fish from the Trans‐Boundary and Central Coast regions. Agents known to be endemic in Sockeye salmon in BC, including Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, Ceratonova shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis, were commonly observed. Others, such as Kudoa thyrsites and Piscirikettsia salmonis, were also detected. Surprisingly, infectious agents described only recently in BC salmon, Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola, Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola and Paranucleospora theridion, were also detected, indicating their potential presence prior to the expansion of the aquaculture industry. In general, our data suggest that agent distributions may not have substantially changed because of the salmon aquaculture industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) samples from British Columbia, Canada (1985–94)

Thakur

Vanderstichel

Kaukinen

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…There is also a need to explore other biomarkers (e.g., Teffer et al. ) in understanding heat stress in adult salmonids and test heat responses at all life history stages. A limitation of the controlled experiment is the use of juvenile Sockeye Salmon to assess HSP70 responses of migrating adults as juveniles may have a different HSP70 response to high temperature given their preferred temperature range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Depletion and Stress Levels in Sockeye Salmon Migrating at the Northern Edge of their Distribution

et al. 2019

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The physiological challenge for anadromous fish to migrate upriver is influenced by river temperature, but the impacts of river temperature can be difficult to predict due to an incomplete understanding of how temperature influences migration costs, especially in high‐latitude (>60°N) ecosystems. To assess temperature influences on migrating Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we measured heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), as an indicator of cellular stress, and energy content of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka throughout their upriver migration in the Pilgrim River, Alaska. Although HSP70 was elevated as fish moved to the spawning grounds and was higher in fish with low energy content, HSP70 did not increase with warmer river temperatures. We verified in an experiment that HSP70 abundance in Sockeye Salmon does respond to temperatures above 20.5°C. Over the 4 years of sampling, energy content decreased at similar rates as Sockeye Salmon moved upstream. We expected Sockeye Salmon energy levels would be lower when migrating in warmer river temperatures; however, we found higher energy levels occurred with higher temperatures in the Pilgrim River. We hypothesize that the relationship between temperature and energy content is due to river temperatures often occurring below optimal temperatures for migration. Lower temperatures could be energetically costly or reduce migration rates, both of which would result in lower energy content with cooler temperature. Understanding interactions between environmental drivers and physiological responses will help managers anticipate future changes for Sockeye Salmon at the northern edge of their distribution.

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“…We had firsthand experience identifying gill‐net wounds from previous studies during which Sockeye Salmon were experimentally inserted into gill nets (Teffer et al. ) and studies in which fish were captured by gillnetting (Bass et al., in press).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Teffer et al. ), delayed maturation (Baker et al. ), delayed migration (Bass et al., in press; Teffer et al., in press), reduced longevity on spawning grounds (Baker and Schindler ), infection (Baker and Schindler ; Teffer et al., in press), and migration failure (Donaldson et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visible Gill‐Net Injuries Predict Migration and Spawning Failure in Adult Sockeye Salmon

et al. 2018

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Fish that survive nontake fisheries interactions may subsequently die, a phenomenon that is generically termed “fisheries‐related incidental mortality” (FRIM). Gill nets, which typically asphyxiate fish and visibly damage their integument, inflict higher rates of FRIM than other commonly used gears. To better define FRIM associated with gill‐net encounters, an observational study coupled with biotelemetry measured migration survival and spawning success of a Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka population during the final 45 km of their freshwater spawning migration (in 2014, 2015, and 2016). The daily prevalence of gill‐net injuries ranged from 0% to 80% of fish, resulting in an annual prevalence of 21–29% for females and 13–22% for males (over 3 years). Fish with visible gill‐net wounds had a 16% lower probability of completing their migration, and female fish with gill‐net wounds had an 18% lower probability of successfully spawning. As a result, the annual proportion of effective female spawners that died in the final 45 km of their migration due to gill‐net injuries was estimated to range from 3.8% to 9.9% (500 to 1,600 females). In addition, stray Sockeye Salmon from upriver populations commonly died at the tagging site, and visible gill‐net injuries were observed in half of those fish during a year with high mortality. If wild salmon populations continue to decline as climate change progresses, fisheries managers will be under greater pressure to minimize FRIM.

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Capture severity, infectious disease processes and sex influence post-release mortality of sockeye salmon bycatch

Cited by 60 publications

References 126 publications

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) samples from British Columbia, Canada (1985–94)

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) samples from British Columbia, Canada (1985–94)

Energy Depletion and Stress Levels in Sockeye Salmon Migrating at the Northern Edge of their Distribution

Visible Gill‐Net Injuries Predict Migration and Spawning Failure in Adult Sockeye Salmon

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