Capsule switching of
            <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>

Swartley, John S.; Marfin, Anthony A.; Edupuganti, Srilatha; Liu, L.-J.; Cieslak, Paul R.; Perkins, Bradford; Wenger, Jay D.; Stephens, David S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.271

Cited by 368 publications

(329 citation statements)

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“…sing high collagen-binding rates (TLJ11-2, TLJ85-4, TLJ137-4 and TLJ9-1) ( A lack of correlation between serotypes and STs has been demonstrated in many bacterial species, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the horizontal transfer of capsular biosynthesis genes related to serotyping is speculated to be the reason (Coffey et al, 1991;Luan et al, 2005;Pettigrew et al, 2006;Swartley et al, 1997). In fact, we also reported the association of one ST with two serotypes in our previous work (Lapirattanakul et al, 2008;Nakano et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus mutans strains with the cnm gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin

Lapirattanakul

Nakano

Nomura

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Streptococcus mutans is one of the oral pathogens associated with infective endocarditis (IE).With respect to bacterial binding ability to the extracellular matrix, the Cnm protein, a cell surface collagen-binding adhesin of S. mutans, is known as one of the possible virulence factors with regard to IE. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of the cnm gene, which encodes Cnm, in a large number of clinical isolates of S. mutans from Thai subjects. Then, the cnm-positive strains were classified using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, which we constructed previously. In addition, the data were analysed together with our previous MLST data of cnmpositive strains from Japan and Finland in order to evaluate the clonal relationship among S. mutans strains harbouring the cnm gene. The cnm gene was detected in 12.4 % of all 750 Thai isolates, and serotype f showed the highest rate of detection (54.5 %). According to the MLST data, two clonal complex groups were revealed as the important clones related to cnm-positive S. mutans from various origins of isolation. Moreover, the collagen-binding properties of S. mutans strains with the cnm gene were significantly greater than those of strains without the gene, although four cnm-negative strains classified into two sequence types (STs), ST110 and ST136, showed extremely high collagen-binding rates suggesting the presence of additional genes involved with collagen binding in these STs. Taken together, these results provided information on both epidemiological as well as evolutional aspects of S. mutans possessing the cnm gene. INTRODUCTIONStreptococcus mutans is a well-known pathogen of dental caries (Hamada & Slade, 1980), which consists of four serotypes, c, e, f and k (Linzer et al., 1986;). The detection rate of serotype c is highest among the strains isolated from oral cavities, followed by serotype e, while serotypes f and k are regarded as being present in minor proportions . Various pieces of evidence show the association of S. mutans with some life-threatening diseases such as infective endocarditis (IE), although the major species related to IE belong to the mitis group of oral streptococci (Banas, 2004;Mylonakis & Calderwood, 2001). Moreover, continuous detections of this bacterium in specimens from patients suffering from such disease emphasize the importance of S. mutans in IE (Gauduchon et al., 2001;Nomura et al., 2006;Vose et al., 1987;Ullman et al., 1988). Indeed, studies to clarify specific components involved in IE in S. mutans have also been performed worldwide (Beg et al., 2002;Jung et al., 2009; MatsumotoNakano et al., 2009;Miller-Torbert et al., 2008).IE is initiated by the binding of bacterial surface molecules to host extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins exposed on damaged heart tissue (Moreillon & Que, 2004). In S. mutans, collagen-binding adhesin or Cnm protein, encoded by the cnm gene, was reported as a strain-specific collagen-binding molecule (Sato et al., 2004). The Cnm protein possesses a collagen-binding domain (CBD) in ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus mutans strains with the cnm gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin

Lapirattanakul

Nakano

Nomura

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Studies in the UK have observed a 66% reduction in the carriage of serogroup C meningococci in 15-17 year olds 1 year after the introduction of MCC vaccine [27]. Concerns were raised that a change in the prevalence of serogroup C carriage due to the pressure exerted by the MCC vaccine might result in capsule switching from serogroup C to serogroup B. Meningococci can change serogroup while maintaining clonal features, thought to be a result of transformation and horizontal DNA exchange in vivo [28]. Capsule switching may be an important virulence mechanism of meningococci by which virulent strains evade natural or vaccine-induced immunity.…”

Section: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics Of Invasive And Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the UK

Balmer¹,

Borrow²,

Miller

2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

213

120

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“…The capsule (cps) locus consists of a four-gene biosynthesis operon that encodes the production of sialic acid or N-acetylmannosamine and the formation of capsule polymers, whereas the divergently transcribed ctrABCD transport operon encodes proteins responsible for capsule translocation (11)(12)(13). Nearby are two genes, lipA and lipB, proposed to be involved in lipidation of capsule polymers (14).…”

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confidence: 99%