Capacity estimation of HF-MIMO systems

Abbasi, Nasir M.; Gunashekar, Salil; Warrington, E.M.; Salous, Sana; Feeney, S.M.; Bertel, Louis; Lemur, Dominique; Oger, Martial

doi:10.1049/cp.2009.0033

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, the small dispersion in elevation and azimuth angles for incident waves at the receive site requires an additional spacing increase to reduce the channel correlation. Finally, the implementation of a standard MIMO solution at HF appears unrealistic for a reason of available space [2,3] and prohibitive wire lengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Ndao

Erhel

Lemur

et al. 2013

J Wireless Com Network

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A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for trans-horizon radio communications within the high-frequency (HF) band (3 to 30 MHz) is presented. The diversity of transmitted polarizations is proposed as an alternative to spatial diversity in order to limit the aperture of antenna arrays at both ends of the radio link. In a theoretical step providing the estimation of capacity gain for different MIMO architectures, a 2 × 2 MIMO solution transmitting two complementary circular polarizations is identified as a balanced trade-off between performance increase and complexity. The design of the corresponding system is described with a focus on antenna arrays and the kind of signal processing that should be implemented. This novel communication system has been tested on a 280-km-long radio link. The first results underline a data transfer rate reaching a value of 24.09 kbps (in a 4.2-kHz bandwidth) that significantly exceeds the current standards for HF modems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Ndao

Erhel

Lemur

et al. 2013

J Wireless Com Network

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“…They maintained a BER of around 10 −3 , which is considered acceptable for an HF modem. In [ Abbasi et al , ] and [ Gunashekar et al , ] the authors increased the channel capacity using MIMO due to the low cross correlation of signals transmitted and received by different antennas. They concluded that to achieve a lower cross‐correlation factor, the homogeneous arrays should be replaced by collocated antennas and heterogeneous arrays.…”

Section: Polarization Diversity In Hf Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization diversity in a long‐haul transequatorial HF link from Antarctica to Spain

2017

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This paper describes a set of experiments which examine the feasibility of applying polarization diversity to a 12,760 km ionospheric link from Livingston Island (62.6°S, 60.4°W), South Shetlands, to Cambrils (41.0°N, 1.0°E), Spain. A transmitting monopole and both a monopole and a dipole (inverted‐V) at reception are the antennas used in this measurement campaign. Receiving antennas are orthogonal polarized to check whether wave polarization rotation causes differences between simultaneous signals. The results gathered in the paper indicate that there is a marked difference between simultaneous signals at vertical and horizontal polarized antennas, which depends on the hour of the day and the signal frequency. In this low‐throughput HF data link, polarization diversity could be used to increase SNR and performance through smart combination of receiving signals, due to the low cross‐correlation factor between them.

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“…Due to its low frequency and for frequency division multiplexing purposes, the HF radio channels have a limited useable bandwidth, i.e., 3-20 kHz [3], which in turn limits the rate of information that can be delivered over the channels. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna structure has been considered to improve channel capacity, not only in terrestrial wireless channels [4,5] but also in HF skywave channels [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, researchers have recognized the importance of the characteristic waves, the extraordinary (X) and ordinary (O), that in general are elliptically polarized with opposite senses, in realizing polarization diversity and HF skywave MIMO communications without the need of large spacing between antennas [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. While [7][8][9][10] discover, by simulation and experiment, a lower correlation among subchannels and a greater capacity gain over SISO channels when an antenna structure with two complementary circular polarizations is used compared to a system with linearly polarized antennas, [14] shows mathematically that linearly-polarized antennas can achieve polarization diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hf Skywave Polarized Mimo Channels With Oblique One-Hop Paths

Umaisaroh¹,

Hendrantoro²,

Dear³

2019

PIER C

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The presence of the O and X modes in the HF skywave propagation has previously been investigated experimentally for their role in providing polarization diversity and improving channel capacity when a MIMO structure is employed. A mathematical treatment of MIMO channel modelling and capacity improvement has also been reported but limited to NVIS links only. This paper reports the mathematical derivation of the HF 2 × 2 polarized MIMO channels when cross-dipoles, i.e., a pair of orthogonally polarized horizontally-oriented dipoles, are used at both ends to examine the cross-polarization property and capacity improvement factor (CIF), with the transmitter-receiver range being near enough to allow single-hop paths only but also distant enough to make the trajectory oblique. Results on the cross-polarization property suggest that the power contributions of the waves from the two transmitters that arrive at each receiver are equal. In addition, the signal from any one of the transmitters is received by the two receivers with unbalanced powers that depend on the phase shift difference between the O and X paths. It is also observed that on average the MIMO channels with oblique paths have lower capacity than the NVIS MIMO channels due to the reduced orthogonality between polarizations of antennas in the dual-antenna system at each end. The above hypotheses are confirmed through ray-tracing simulation and field measurement over a 575 km HF radio link.

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Capacity estimation of HF-MIMO systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Polarization diversity in a long‐haul transequatorial HF link from Antarctica to Spain

Hf Skywave Polarized Mimo Channels With Oblique One-Hop Paths

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