Canopy Structure and Photon Flux Partitioning Among Species in a Herbaceous Plant Community

Hirose, Tadaki; Werger, M. J. A.

doi:10.2307/1941205

Cited by 160 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…Because of these low flow rates, both wind and water dispersal in these ecosystems are wind-driven (Soomers and others 2010;Sarneel and others, in press): wind shear stress on the water's surface drives the transport of hydrochorous seeds. In nature reserves (such as our experimental site Westbroekse Zodden; see Appendices B and C in Online publication) or at sites with agrienvironmental schemes (Donald and Evans 2006), the ditches and ditch banks together form ecosystems that may support relatively species-rich aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial vegetation such as marsh marigold meadow, reed land, and sedge marsh (Van Strien and others 1989;Leng and others 2011;Hirose and Werger 1995). In the Netherlands, this type of agricultural and semi-natural landscapes mostly occurs on former peatlands.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, remnant fen vegetation in such areas is mostly concentrated at ditch banks. Species occurring in the Westbroekse Zodden, in reed lands along the ditches, are fen species such as Phragmites australis, Sparganium erectum, Typha latifolia, Carex acutiformis, Carex pseudocyperus, Juncus acutifiorus, Peucedanum palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, and Thelypteris palustris (Hirose and Werger 1995). The ditch banks may also harbor rarer species such as Calla palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Veronica scutellata.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation characteristics were chosen to represent a reed-land shoreline community in a fen meadow nature reserve. Vegetation leaf area index (LAI) values were adapted from Hirose and Werger (1995). Details on the experimental setup are described in Hirose and Werger (1995).…”

Section: Anemochorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation leaf area index (LAI) values were adapted from Hirose and Werger (1995). Details on the experimental setup are described in Hirose and Werger (1995). We measured vegetation height at (and averaged for) six representative ditch banks in the fen meadow nature reserve the Westbroekse Zodden (N: 52°9¢43¢¢, E: 5°7¢1¢¢) in the Netherlands.…”

Section: Anemochorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind and Water Dispersal of Wetland Plants Across Fragmented Landscapes

et al. 2012

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Biodiversity in wetlands is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, of which agricultural activities often are a cause. Dispersal of plant seeds via wind and ditches (water) may contribute to connecting remnant wetland plant populations in modern agricultural landscapes, and help to maintain and restore biodiversity. We developed a spatially explicit model to assess the relative importance of dispersal by wind and dispersal by water through drainage ditches for two wetland plant species in agricultural landscapes: a typical wind disperser and a typical water-disperser. Simulation results show that the typical wind disperser had a much higher capability to disperse by wind (90th percentile <30 m) than the typical water-disperser (90th percentile <2 m). Surprisingly, the capability to disperse via water was similar for the two species: 90th percentile dispersal distances following a combination of wind and water dispersal were between approximately 100 and 1000 m. Dispersal by water transported more seeds over long distances for both species. The main determinants for dispersal distance by water were roughness of the ditch (determined by, for example, bank vegetation) and the presence of obstructions (for example, culverts). Density or direction of the ditch network did not seem to affect water dispersal distances substantially. From a biodiversity conservation perspective, it would be most useful if areas with suitable riparian wetland habitat were intersected with a network of shallow ditches with a high roughness promoting seed deposition. These areas should then be connected to other suitable areas by a few regularly cleaned ditches with no obstructions and low seed trapping probability.

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Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anemochorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anemochorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind and Water Dispersal of Wetland Plants Across Fragmented Landscapes

et al. 2012

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“…Foster and Gross 1998;Jensen and Schrautzer 1999;Zobel 2001), though few studies have directly investigated how species coexistence in grasslands depends on light availability. In dense and tall vegetation, light limitation is caused by the plant canopy itself, which creates a vertical light gradient (Hirose and Werger 1995;Anten and Hirose 1999;Schieving and Poorter 1999). The persistence of species in the lower canopy layers depends on their ability to tolerate low-light conditions, or to grow during periods with greater light availability (Yoshie 1995;Stuefer and Huber 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive effects of shading on experimental wetland communities over three years

Edelkraut

Güsewell

2005

Plant Ecol

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To investigate how the composition of wetland communities changes over time in response to altered light regimes, experimental communities of five Carex and four grass species were subjected to artificial shading (continuous or seasonal) in a three-year field experiment. Shoot number and size was measured after six weeks, and shoot biomass was harvested five times during the experiment. Communities were initially dominated by three grass species in all treatments, but subsequently, the Carex species increased and reached dominance in the control plots, whereas grasses remained dominant in the shaded plots. Shading had no effect on the biomass of communities or of single species in the first year. In the second year, community biomass was still unaffected, but shading reduced the biomass of three Carex species and also reduced species diversity. In the third year, shading reduced community biomass and all Carex species, but not species diversity. The greater shade tolerance of the grasses could not be explained by differences in morphological plasticity: after six weeks of growth all species had increased shoot height in response to shade by 40 -70%. Grasses were hardly more plastic than Carex species. We propose that the long-term success of the Carex species in full light was due to a high allocation of biomass to belowground parts, which may have reduced losses caused by repeated harvesting of shoots (a simulation of management in productive wet meadows). Shading probably caused the Carex plants to change their allocation pattern, and thus prevented their progressive increase.

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Plant diversity has contrasting effects on herbivore and parasitoid abundance in Centaurea jacea flower heads

Nitschke

Allan

Zwölfer

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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High biodiversity is known to increase many ecosystem functions, but studies investigating biodiversity effects have more rarely looked at multi‐trophic interactions. We studied a tri‐trophic system composed of Centaurea jacea (brown knapweed), its flower head‐infesting tephritid fruit flies and their hymenopteran parasitoids, in a grassland biodiversity experiment. We aimed to disentangle the importance of direct effects of plant diversity (through changes in apparency and resource availability) from indirect effects (mediated by host plant quality and performance). To do this, we compared insect communities in C. jacea transplants, whose growth was influenced by the surrounding plant communities (and where direct and indirect effects can occur), with potted C. jacea plants, which do not compete with the surrounding plant community (and where only direct effects are possible). Tephritid infestation rate and insect load, mainly of the dominant species Chaetorellia jaceae, decreased with increasing plant species and functional group richness. These effects were not seen in the potted plants and are therefore likely to be mediated by changes in host plant performance and quality. Parasitism rates, mainly of the abundant chalcid wasps Eurytoma compressa and Pteromalus albipennis, increased with plant species or functional group richness in both transplants and potted plants, suggesting that direct effects of plant diversity are most important. The differential effects in transplants and potted plants emphasize the importance of plant‐mediated direct and indirect effects for trophic interactions at the community level. The findings also show how plant–plant interactions critically affect results obtained using transplants. More generally, our results indicate that plant biodiversity affects the abundance of higher trophic levels through a variety of different mechanisms.

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Canopy Structure and Photon Flux Partitioning Among Species in a Herbaceous Plant Community

Cited by 160 publications

References 11 publications

Wind and Water Dispersal of Wetland Plants Across Fragmented Landscapes

Wind and Water Dispersal of Wetland Plants Across Fragmented Landscapes

Progressive effects of shading on experimental wetland communities over three years

Plant diversity has contrasting effects on herbivore and parasitoid abundance in Centaurea jacea flower heads

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