Canine and Feline Uveitis

Townsend, Wendy M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.12.004

Cited by 44 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…At present, in addition to treatments for an identifiable primary cause, the symptomatic treatment for feline uveitis mainly consists in the administration of corticosteroids, directed toward reduction in pain and lesions of ocular tissues [8]. However, when used as a systemic therapy, the immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroids may contribute to the development of the systemic disease, and their chronic topical use might lead to ocular hypertension [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in experimental feline uveitis

Solé¹,

Sande

Fernandez

et al. 2011

Journal of Pineal Research

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Uveitis is a frequent ophthalmic disorder which constitutes one of the main causes of blindness in domestic cats. The aim of this report was to analyze the effect of melatonin on experimentally induced uveitis in cats. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intravitreally into one eye from intact cats, while the contralateral eye was injected with vehicle. Melatonin was orally administered every 24 hr to a group of ten cats, from 24 hr before until 45 days after intravitreal injections. Eyes were evaluated by means of clinical evaluation, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood-ocular barrier integrity (via measurement of protein concentration and cell content in samples of aqueous humor [AH]), electroretinogram (ERG), and histological examination of the retinas. In LPS-treated eyes, several clinical signs were observed until day 45 postinjection. The treatment with melatonin significantly decreased clinical signs and prevented the reduction in IOP induced by LPS. In LPS-injected eyes, melatonin significantly preserved the blood-ocular barrier integrity, as shown by a decrease in the number of infiltrating cells and protein concentration in the AH. Mean amplitudes of scotopic ERG a- and b-waves were significantly reduced in eyes injected with LPS, whereas melatonin significantly prevented the effect of LPS. At 45 days after injection, LPS induced alterations in photoreceptors and at the middle portion of the retina, whereas melatonin preserved the retinal structure. These results indicate that melatonin prevented clinical, biochemical, functional, and histological alterations induced by LPS injection. Thus, melatonin might constitute a useful tool for the treatment of feline uveitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in experimental feline uveitis

Solé¹,

Sande

Fernandez

et al. 2011

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…1 Effective treatment of anterior uveitis most often includes topical or systemic treatment or both of nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to control the ocular inflammation, as well as addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation. 9 In this macaw, topical steroids, initially topical 0.12% prednisolone acetate, appeared to reduce inflammation within the eyes because the hyphema in the right eye resolved, and the vision appeared to improve. However, when the topical corticosteroids were tapered, the uveitis worsened and did not improve, despite increasing the corticosteroid dosing frequency back to 6 times a day and adding oral meloxicam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In mammals, such as dogs and cats, lymphoma is a common differential diagnosis for uveitis, especially when hyphema is a prominent feature. 9 However, diagnosis of lymphoma can be challenging. In some cases, specifically when an extensive systemic workup is not possible, a lack of response to medical treatment is used to support a clinical suspicion of neoplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ocular aspiration and cytologic evaluation can also represent viable diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of lymphoma, especially when clinical changes have contributed to blindness. 9 The most common form of lymphoid neoplasia in psittacine and passerine birds is lymphoma. 11 In a previously reported psittacine lymphoma case, 11 a high white blood cell count with an absolute lymphocytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, 12 and hypercalcemia was reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Uveitis and Hyphema in a Catalina Macaw (Ara ararauna×Ara macao) With Multicentric Lymphoma

Hausmann¹,

Mans²,

Gosling³

et al. 2016

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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A 20-year-old, female Catalina macaw (Ara ararauna × Ara macao ) was presented with bilateral uveitis and hyphema. The hyphema initially improved with 0.12% prednisolone acetate ophthalmic drops (1 drop OU q4h for 7 days), but the hyphema recurred after the drops were tapered. The bird subsequently developed inappetance, weight loss, regurgitation, and lethargy and was euthanatized 24 days after initial presentation. Necropsy revealed marked splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, with significant mucosal ulcerations of the proventriculus and petechiation associated with both kidneys. Histopathologic examination revealed multicentric lymphoma, with neoplastic cells observed in ocular, splenic, hepatic, renal, proventricular, intestinal, pancreatic, and choanal tissue. Neoplastic lymphocytes effaced the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid of the eyes, and neoplastic lymphocytes were attached to the corneal endothelium and infiltrated the sclera, episclera, and conjunctivae. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were CD3(+) and CD79a(-), which is consistent with T-cell lymphoma.

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“…Currently, the treatment of feline uveitis of any etiology is based on topical and/or systemic corticosteroid or anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal agents [1, 2]. Despite the fact that the use of potent anti-inflammatory drugs carries the risk of side effects, corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the prevention and treatment of many painful and potentially blinding ocular diseases in different species [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Ocular Prednisolone Disposition after Oral Treatment in Cats

Solé

Schaiquevich

Marcelo

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To evaluate the plasma and aqueous humor disposition of prednisolone after oral administration in cats. Methods. Six cats were administered with a single oral dose of prednisolone (10 mg). Blood and aqueous humor samples were serially collected after drug administration. Prednisolone concentrations in plasma and aqueous humor were measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 h after administration by a high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method developed and validated for this purpose. Results. Mean ± standard error (SE) of maximum plasma prednisolone concentration (300.8 ± 67.3 ng/mL) was reached at 1 h after administration. Prednisolone was distributed to the aqueous humor reaching a mean peak concentration of 100.9 ± 25.5 ng/mL at 1.25 h after administration. The mean ± SE systemic and aqueous humor exposure (AUC) was 553.3 ± 120.0 ng∗h/mL and 378.8 ± 64.9 ng∗h/mL, respectively. A high AUCaqueous humor/AUCplasma ratio was observed (0.68 ± 0.13). The mean half-life time of elimination in plasma and aqueous humor was 0.87 ± 0.16 h and 2.25 ± 0.44 h, respectively. Clinical Significance. The observed high ratio between aqueous humor and plasma prednisolone concentrations indicates that extensive penetration of prednisolone to the anterior segment of the eye may occur. This is the first step that contributes to the optimization of the pharmacological therapeutics for the clinical treatment of uveitis.

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Canine and Feline Uveitis

Cited by 44 publications

References 93 publications

Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in experimental feline uveitis

Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in experimental feline uveitis

Bilateral Uveitis and Hyphema in a Catalina Macaw (Ara ararauna×Ara macao) With Multicentric Lymphoma

Plasma and Ocular Prednisolone Disposition after Oral Treatment in Cats

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