Candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae

Thorup, T. A.; Tanyolaç, Bahattin; Livingstone, Kevin; Popovsky, S.; Paran, Ilan; Jahn, Molly M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.97.21.11192

Cited by 171 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The similarity between the tomato CrtR-b2 and pepper CrtR-b1 genes extends also to their chromosomal location in the genome as they are mapped to chromosome 6 in both pepper and tomato. Similarly, tomato CrtR-b2 and pepper CrtR-b1 are both mapped to chromosome 3 (Figure 3; Thorup et al, 2000). These similarities in CrtR-b between pepper and tomato suggest that the CrtR-b gene duplication preceded the separation of tomato and pepper during evolution.…”

Section: Two Non-heme B-carotene Hydroxylase Enzymes In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 87%

A Chromoplast-Specific Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Revealed by Cloning of the Tomato white-flower Locus

et al. 2006

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Carotenoids and their oxygenated derivatives xanthophylls play essential roles in the pigmentation of flowers and fruits. Wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flowers are intensely yellow due to accumulation of the xanthophylls neoxanthin and violaxanthin. To study the regulation of xanthophyll biosynthesis, we analyzed the mutant white-flower (wf). It was found that the recessive wf phenotype is caused by mutations in a flower-specific b-ring carotene hyroxylase gene (CrtR-b2). Two deletions and one exon-skipping mutation in different CrtR-b2 wf alleles abolish carotenoid biosynthesis in flowers but not leaves, where the homologous CrtR-b1 is constitutively expressed. A second b-carotene hydroxylase enzyme as well as flower-and fruit-specific geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, and lycopene b-cyclase together define a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway active in chromoplasts only, underscoring the crucial role of gene duplication in specialized plant metabolic pathways. We hypothesize that this pathway in tomato was initially selected during evolution to enhance flower coloration and only later recruited to enhance fruit pigmentation. The elimination of b-carotene hydroxylation in wf petals results in an 80% reduction in total carotenoid concentration, possibly caused by the inability of petals to store high concentrations of carotenoids other than xanthophylls and by degradation of b-carotene, which accumulates as a result of the wf mutation but is not due to altered expression of genes in the biosynthetic pathway.

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Section: Two Non-heme B-carotene Hydroxylase Enzymes In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 87%

A Chromoplast-Specific Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Revealed by Cloning of the Tomato white-flower Locus

et al. 2006

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“…S4). Pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes exhibit a wide variation for color and color intensity at both the immature and mature stages of fruit development (Thorup et al, 2000). A pepper ortholog of the APRR2-Like gene would represent a strong candidate as a regulator of fruit color and color intensity.…”

Section: Ripening-related Gene Expression Is Altered In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Inference Analysis Identifies an APRR2-Like Gene Linked to Pigment Accumulation in Tomato and Pepper Fruits

et al. 2013

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Carotenoids represent some of the most important secondary metabolites in the human diet, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a rich source of these health-promoting compounds. In this work, a novel and fruit-related regulator of pigment accumulation in tomato has been identified by artificial neural network inference analysis and its function validated in transgenic plants. A tomato fruit gene regulatory network was generated using artificial neural network inference analysis and transcription factor gene expression profiles derived from fruits sampled at various points during development and ripening. One of the transcription factor gene expression profiles with a sequence related to an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR2-LIKE gene (APRR2-Like) was up-regulated at the breaker stage in wild-type tomato fruits and, when overexpressed in transgenic lines, increased plastid number, area, and pigment content, enhancing the levels of chlorophyll in immature unripe fruits and carotenoids in red ripe fruits. Analysis of the transcriptome of transgenic lines overexpressing the tomato APPR2-Like gene revealed up-regulation of several ripening-related genes in the overexpression lines, providing a link between the expression of this tomato gene and the ripening process. A putative ortholog of the tomato APPR2-Like gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) was associated with pigment accumulation in fruit tissues. We conclude that the function of this gene is conserved across taxa and that it encodes a protein that has an important role in ripening.

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“…NuMex RNaky indicate that the ms8 locus is located on the lower arm of the pepper chromosome P4. In addition to the ms8 locus, a number of other important traits of pepper were mapped to the P4 chromosome: the pvr2 locus for PVY resistance (Caranta et al 1997;Lefebvre et al 2002), the C2 locus for fruit color (Thorup et al 2000), QTLs for fruit weight and shape (Barchi et al 2009;Zygier et al 2005), and QTL for Phytophthora capsici resistance (Thabuis et al 2004). It has to be considered in the breeding programmes aimed to introgress ms8 gene into the different breeding lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of the ms8 male sterility gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on the chromosome P4 using PCR-based markers useful for breeding programmes

et al. 2012

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The nuclear male sterility gene ms8 is expected to facilitate the production of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrids as it provides means for hybridization without the labor-intensive hand emasculation of female inbred lines. The development of molecular markers linked to ms8 locus will help the breeding practice for the selection of hybrid parental lines. In this study, F 2 population resulting from a cross between the sweet pepper male sterile line 320 and the male fertile variety Elf was used to identify DNA markers linked to the ms8 locus. With the use of RAPD-BSA technique, seven markers linked to the ms8 locus were found. Four of them were converted into SCAR markers. In addition, two COSII/CAPS markers linked to the ms8 locus were identified. Comparative mapping with reference pepper maps indicated that the ms8 locus is located on the lower arm of the pepper chromosome P4. Identified markers are useful for molecular breeding, however, at present markers tightly linked to ms8 locus are still lacking. Identification of molecular markers linked to the ms8 locus and determination of its chromosomal localization are useful for fine mapping and also provide the perspective for ms8 gene cloning.

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Candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae

Cited by 171 publications

References 59 publications

A Chromoplast-Specific Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Revealed by Cloning of the Tomato white-flower Locus

A Chromoplast-Specific Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Revealed by Cloning of the Tomato white-flower Locus

Network Inference Analysis Identifies an APRR2-Like Gene Linked to Pigment Accumulation in Tomato and Pepper Fruits

Mapping of the ms8 male sterility gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on the chromosome P4 using PCR-based markers useful for breeding programmes

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