Cancer risks among male farmers in Sweden

Wiklund, Kerstin; Dich, Jan

doi:10.1097/00008469-199502000-00008

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Farmers have been found to have elevated rates of lip cancer (8)(9)(10)(11). Lip cancer among Norwegian farmers was found to be associated moderately with grain production, fungal forecasts (events of wet and temperate conditions known to favor fungal growth and mycotoxin formation) and solar exposure (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence among Finnish farmers, 1995–2005

Laakkonen¹,

Pukkala²

2008

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the cancer risk pattern of male and female Finnish farmers and to define the role of the type of farm production as a risk determinant.Methods All farmers on 31 December 1978 living on 1 January 1995 were included in the cohort. The data concerning continuation as a farmer and the type of farming was collected from the 31 December 1990 and 1994 farm registries. The observed number of cases in each stratum was divided by the respective expected number based on national incidence rates to calculate the standardized incidence ratio. ResultsThe overall cancer incidence was smaller than that of the general population. For most of the cancer sites, the standardized incidence ratios were below 1.0. The lowest rates for farmers continuing to farm were determined for mesothelioma and cancers of the liver, larynx, lung, nose, esophagus, and urinary bladder. The only significantly elevated standardized incidence ratio was that for lip cancer. Permanent beef and dairy farmers had the lowest standardized incidence ratios for overall cancer. Dairy farmers of 1978 who had changed their production type to crop farmers had increased their risk for overall cancer from a standardized incidence ratio of 0.82 to 0.92. ConclusionsThe cancer incidence of Finnish farmers was significantly below the national average. The finding that lung cancer risk was low among dairy farmers but increased with a change to another type of farm production gives some support to the hypothesis that endotoxin exposure may decrease cancer risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence among Finnish farmers, 1995–2005

Laakkonen¹,

Pukkala²

2008

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…64,65 Studies in the United States, Canada and Europe have reported 6-28% reductions in overall mortality and/or cancer mortality when compared to rates in the general population. 64,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] The lower overall mortality rate among farmers may be attributable to healthier lifestyle practices. As an occupational group, farmers have a lower incidence of smoking-related cancers, 64,66,67,70,72,73 reflecting lower smoking rates.…”

Section: Agriculture and Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[76][77][78][79] In addition, agricultural work may be considered a salubrious lifestyle, encompassing physically demanding activities that require exercise, strength and stamina, as well as dietary choices rich in fresh foods. 76 Findings from studies of farming and multiple myeloma have been mixed, however, ranging from relative risk estimates below 1.0 64,65,67,[69][70][71][72][73] to increased risks in excess of 3-fold, 70,71 either overall or for specific subgroups.…”

Section: Agriculture and Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of plasma cells, accounts for 15% of lymphatohematopoietic cancers (LHC) and 2% of all cancers in the US. Incidence rates increase with age, particularly after age 40, and are higher in men, particularly African American men. The etiology is unknown with no established lifestyle, occupational or environmental risk factors. Although several factors have been implicated as potentially etiologic, findings are inconsistent. We reviewed epidemiologic studies that evaluated lifestyle, dietary, occupational and environmental factors; immune function, family history and genetic factors; and the hypothesized precursor, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). Because multiple myeloma is an uncommon disease, etiologic assessments can be difficult because of small numbers of cases in occupational cohort studies, and few subjects reporting exposure to specific agents in case-control studies. Elevated risks have been reported consistently among persons with a positive family history of LHC. A few studies have reported a relationship between obesity and multiple myeloma, and this may be a promising area of research. Factors underlying higher incidence rates of multiple myeloma in African Americans are not understood. The progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma has been reported in several studies; however, there are no established risk factors for MGUS. To improve our understanding of the causes of multiple myeloma, future research efforts should seek the causes of MGUS. More research is also needed on the genetic factors of multiple myeloma, given the strong familial clustering of the disease. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: multiple myeloma; epidemiology Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that results in an overproduction of light and heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulins. The specific immunoglobulin secreted by the malignant cell is the M-protein, named in reference to its monoclonal characteristics. It is found in the serum and/or urine of persons affected with multiple myeloma.

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“…Occupational exposure has been sought, as various rare cancers are caused by exposures occurring in the workplace (12). Occupations involving welding (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), farming (13,14,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), and exposure to chemicals (13,25,26) have been the most frequently mentioned. However, no causative agent has been established, and contradictory evidence is common.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%