Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update

Olawaiye, Alexander; Cuello, Mauricio; Rogers, Linda

doi:10.1002/ijgo.13881

Cited by 85 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…According to Maggino et al8 and Raspagliesi et al,9 patients with positive lymph nodes seemed to have a higher risk of recurrences and shorter survival. In addition, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system is commonly used to predict prognosis 10. However, the FIGO staging system has several shortcomings as a prognostic tool,11 mainly because it does not take into account several parameters that significantly affect survival, including therapeutic strategy and tumor cell differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cause specific death in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Mao

Tang

et al. 2022

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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ObjectiveThe incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma has been rising in recent decades. The prognosis of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma was explored, and nomograms were constructed to predict survival rates.MethodsVulvar squamous cell carcinoma patient data were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and randomly divided into a training dataset and testing dataset. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression were used to identify risk factors affecting vulvar squamous cell carcinoma overall survival in the training dataset. Cumulative incidence function and Fine–Gray regression were used to analyze cancer specific death in the training dataset. Overall survival and cancer specific death nomograms were constructed and validated in the testing and whole datasets. Receiver operating characteristic and calibration were used to verify the predictive value and clinical applicability of the models.ResultsAge ≥60 years, grade 3, American Joint Committee on Cancer stages III and IV, TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) stages T2, T3, N1, and M1 had a negative effect on overall survival in vulvar cancer patients. Surgery (hazard ratio (HR)=0.416, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.349 to 0.496, p<0.001) and chemotherapy (HR=0.637, 95% CI 0.544 to 0.746, p<0.001) may improve overall survival. Age, tumor grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, and chemotherapy significantly affected vulvar cancer specific death. For area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the predictive ability of the nomograms for overall survival and cancer specific death for 1 year (area under the curve (AUC)=0.862), 3 years (AUC=0.832), and 5 years (AUC=0.808) were all >0.800.ConclusionThe nomograms established in our study had an excellent predictive ability for overall survival and cancer specific death in vulvar cancer patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cause specific death in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Mao

Tang

et al. 2022

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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“…Although the new (2021) FIGO staging system is applicable to most malignancies arising from the vulva, the current literature indicates that primary soft tissue tumors or sarcomas of the vulva should follow the TNM classification of soft tissue tumors. 17 – 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging features of a solitary fibrous tumor of the vulva: a case report

Lin

2022

J Int Med Res

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Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are commonly seen in the pleura. SFT involvement of the vulva is rare, and clinical diagnosis is mainly based on histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. We herein describe the imaging features of a 69-year-old woman with an SFT of the vulva. The SFT was hypointense on T1-weighted images, similar to muscle; however, it showed inhomogeneous hyperintensity predominantly on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. An area of low signal intensity was evident on T2-weighted images, and the tumor showed progressive enhancement in delayed phases. The tumor also displayed heterogeneous and prolonged, persistent enhancement, and serpentine vessels were present in the peritumoral area as signal voids. Pathological examination confirmed that the lesion was an atypical SFT originating from the vulva, and it was composed of spindle cells and perivascular and stromal hyalinization. This case reveals the characteristic imaging findings of vulvar SFT and their association with the relevant pathological findings, thus contributing to the primary diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of this potentially aggressive tumor.

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“…Approximately 65% of all cases occur in high-income countries. [2,3]. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common vulvar malignancy, representing 90% of all vulvar cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the HPV-related pathway, malignancy originates in vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Historically, vulvar cancer is seen as a disease of postmenopausal women, although in recent years the mean age of incidence has fallen due to the global increase in HPV infections [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History and Updates of the GROINSS-V Studies

Wagner

Zee

Oonk

2022

Cancers

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Surgical management of vulvar cancer is associated with high morbidity rates. The main aim of the GROINSS-V studies is reducing treatment-related morbidity by finding safe alternative treatment options in early-stage vulvar cancer patients. This article reviews the history, results, and updates of the GROINSS-V studies. The first GROINSS-V study was a multicenter observational study (from 2000 to 2006), which investigated the safety and clinical applicability of the sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer. GROINSS-V-I showed that omitting inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was safe in early-stage vulvar cancer patients with a negative sentinel lymph node, with an impressive reduction in treatment-related morbidity. GROINSS-V-II, a prospective multicenter phase II single-arm treatment trial (from 2005 to 2016) investigated whether radiotherapy could be a safe alternative for inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in patients with a metastatic sentinel lymph node. This study showed that radiotherapy in patients with sentinel lymph node micrometastases (≤2 mm) was safe in terms of groin recurrence rate and with less treatment-related morbidity. These results, published in August 2021, should be implemented in (inter)national treatment guidelines for vulvar cancer. GROINSS-V-III recently started including patients. This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of chemoradiation in patients with a macrometastasis (>2 mm) in the sentinel lymph node.

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Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update

Cited by 85 publications

References 124 publications

Prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cause specific death in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cause specific death in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Magnetic resonance imaging features of a solitary fibrous tumor of the vulva: a case report

History and Updates of the GROINSS-V Studies

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