Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle

Naterer, G.F.; Suppiah, S.; Stolberg, L.; Lewis, Michele A.; Wang, Z.; Daggupati, V.N.; Gabriel, Kamiel; Dinçer, İbrahim; Rosen, Marc A.; Spekkens, P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.087

Cited by 123 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly, the catholyte comprises of highly concentrated HCl(aq) to avoid copper deposition at the cathode. 9 Previous research established an electrolytic cell design that employed membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) similar to water electrolysis cells. 11 The conventional Pt-C catalysts were deposited on the electrodes to increase the rate of reaction for a given applied potential.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Kinetics of CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production via a Cu-Cl Thermochemical Cycle

Hall

LaRow

Schatz

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An electrochemical kinetics investigation of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer identified methods to significantly reduce the platinum loadings required to achieve a high cell current density of 0.5 A/cm 2 at 0.7 V. As the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer is a key component of the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle, the economic viability of the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle was significantly improved by reducing the loading required to achieve 0.5 A/cm 2 . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with a rotating disc electrode were employed to investigate the kinetics of the aqueous Cu II /Cu I chloride complexes reaction on platinum and glassy carbon using a three-electrode cell. It was found that the standard exchange current density of the anodic Cu II /Cu I electrochemical reaction on platinum, 4-12 A/cm 2 , was significantly larger than the values reported for the HER cathodic reaction thus far. In addition, SEM was used to observe the effectiveness of different catalyst application techniques. Through SEM observations, and electrochemical data analysis, the amount of platinum used in a laboratory scale CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer was reduced from 0.8 mg/cm 2 applied to both electrodes to 0.4 mg/cm 2 on the cathode and zero at the anode while still maintaining a current density of 0.5 A/cm 2 at 0.7 V of applied potential difference. As interest in an energy storage option capable of storing both thermal and electrical energy produced via solar resources increases, low temperature hybrid thermochemical cycles are becoming an attractive candidate to fill this role. In particular, the Cu-Cl hybrid thermochemical cycle's high efficiency and moderate temperature requirements have established itself as a promising option for inexpensive hydrogen generation through harnessing excess thermal and electrical energy from solar resources.1 In addition to utilizing excess energy, the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle provides a means of efficiently producing hydrogen gas not reliant on fossil fuels.The Cu-Cl hybrid thermochemical cycle uses a number of intermediate compounds, heat, and a small amount of electrical energy, within a series of physical and chemical reactions to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.2-10 One of the most important components in the hybrid cycle is the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolytic cell. 11 In the electrolytic step of this cycle, the general electrochemical reaction consists of an anode reaction in which aqueous Cu I chloride complex species are oxidized to aqueous Cu II chloride complex species, and a cathode reaction in which HCl(aq) is reduced to H 2 (aq) with transfer of H + (aq) through a cation conductive membrane. This process is usually simplified as follows:To increase the solubility of CuCl(s) in the anolyte, a high concentration of HCl(aq) is typically used. Similarly, the catholyte comprises of highly concentrated HCl(aq) to avoid copper deposition at the cathode. 9Previous research established an electrolytic cell design that employed membrane electrode assemb...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Kinetics of CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production via a Cu-Cl Thermochemical Cycle

Hall

LaRow

Schatz

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…As presented in the following discussion, it is not possible to obtain such conditions for the desired operating conditions of the HX. Table 6 e Reaction Steps of the 4-Step CueCl Cycle [35].…”

Section: Scwr Nuclear Power Plant Layoutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermalhydraulic analysis and heat transfer correlation for an intermediate heat exchanger linking a SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor and a Copper-Chlorine cycle for hydrogen co-generation

Mokry

Lukomski

Pioro

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Several ways such as hydrolysis [3], thermal catalysis and thermochemical [4,5], photocatalysis [6,7], photoelectrocatalysis [8], steam reforming [9], gasification [10] Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40097-016-0203-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. and electrolysis [5,11] are used to produce hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of palladium–carbon nanotube–metal organic framework composite and its application as electrocatalyst for hydrogen production

et al. 2016

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There are very rare reports on using metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. In this study, a composite of palladium, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its application as electrocatalyst in carbon paste electrode (CPE) structure for hydrogen production was studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterize Pd/ SWCNTs@MOF-199 catalyst. The performance of the proposed modified CPE for electrochemical hydrogen production was studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry techniques. The effect of solution pH and the amount of binder and catalyst in the paste composition were investigated. The results showed that the CPE modified with Pd/SWCNTs@MOF-199 reveals better catalytic characteristics such as highest catalytic activity and lowest onset potential compared to CPE and CPE modified with MOF-199 for hydrogen production in aqueous solution.

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Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Electrochemical Kinetics of CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production via a Cu-Cl Thermochemical Cycle

Electrochemical Kinetics of CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production via a Cu-Cl Thermochemical Cycle

Thermalhydraulic analysis and heat transfer correlation for an intermediate heat exchanger linking a SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor and a Copper-Chlorine cycle for hydrogen co-generation

Synthesis of palladium–carbon nanotube–metal organic framework composite and its application as electrocatalyst for hydrogen production

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