Can We Predict De Novo Urge Incontinence by Perineal Ultrasound?

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary incontinence affects over 200 million people worldwide [1]. Tension free vaginal tape is the standard surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence. De novo urge urinary incontinence is a long-term complication of this treatment with a significant impact in the quality of life of these patients. Objective: The major aim of this study is to assess the correlation between perineal ultrasonography findings and the incidence of de novo urge urinary incontinence. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was designed. Patients with stress urinary incontinence diagnosed by clinical and urodynamic findings submitted to a tension-free vaginal tape surgery were included. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and introital perineal ultrasound were performed before surgical intervention (I-STOP©). Clinical and ultrasound re-evaluation were executed six months after surgery. Stress urinary incontinence was defined according to the ICS-IUGA. Data were recorded using a Microsoft Access database and statistical analysis using SAS©. Results: Bladder thickness equal to or below 6 mm has a low positive predictive value (PPV, 0.55), but a negative predictive power (NPP) of 0.72. Following surgery, a slight increase in postvoid residue is observed. Considering demographic data, an increase of 5 points in body mass index (BMI) resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 of presenting de novo urge urinary in continence. Conclusions: In patients submitted to a tension-free vaginal tape surgery, high BMI seems to be associated with a higher rate of de novo urge urinary incontinence. Preoperative bladder wall thickness below 6 mm seems predict absence of this complication.