Background: To measure the middle deltoid (MD) elasticity in healthy participants during different shoulder abduction (with bilateral shoulder in 0 degree abduction and 90 degree active abduction) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and analyze the factors that may affect the MD elasticity, and the objective of this study is to establish the reference ranges of normal MD elasticity during different shoulder abduction by using SWE. Methods: Mean shear wave velocity (SWV) of the MD in 70 healthy right-handed participants (35 females, 35 males) were evaluated using SWE during different shoulder abduction, and potential factors that may affect MD elasticity including gender, MD thickness, age, body mass index were analyzed. Different shoulder abduction positions of each participant were as follows: (i) 0° abduction of bilateral shoulder (L0° and R0°), (ii) 90° active abduction of bilateral shoulder (L90° and R90°). Reference ranges of normal MD elasticity were calculated using normal distribution method. Results: Mean SWV was significantly higher at L90° than L0°, higher at R90° than R0°, higher at R0° than L0°, and higher at R90° than L90° (all p< 0.0001). Mean SWV was significantly higher in males at both L0° (p< 0.05) and R0° (p< 0.01) than in females. Neither MD thickness, age nor body mass index influenced MD elasticity. Normal reference ranges of the MD elasticity were 2.4-3.1 m/s in males and 2.2-2.9 m/s in females at L0° and 2.5-3.3 m/s in males and 2.4-3.2 m/s in females at R0°, and were 4.9-6.7 m/s at L90°, 5.2-7.1 m/s at R90° for both males and females. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° with SWE are different. A separate reference range of normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° should be used. Moreover, the reference ranges of normal MD elasticity at L0° and R0° shoulder be divided by gender. These values may serve as quantitative baseline measurements for assessment of normal MD elasticity.