Can depression, anxiety and somatization be understood as appeasement displays?

Price, John; Gardner, Russell; Erickson, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00452-4

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The concept of behavior as "honest" communication is one that has captured the attention of evolutionary biologists for decades. Some of the central principles of animal communication patterns that have been revealed by this work can prove quite useful in understanding psychopathology in general (see Gilbert, 2006;Hagen, 2003;Hauser, 1996;Maynard Smith & Harper, 2003;Nesse, 2000;Price, Gardner, & Erickson, 2004;Searcy & Nowicki, 2005;Watson & Andrews, 2002), and in explaining why some people would use NSSI as a means of social communication (see Hagen et al, 2008). In the following section, I review some basic concepts in animal signaling and extend earlier work in this area by describing how research on animal signaling can help us to better understand the use of NSSI by humans.…”

Section: Behavior As Communicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…If unsuccessful still, the signaler could continue to increase the intensity of the signal within the new mode, and so on, until the desired response is obtained. This strategy of escalation is one in which there is an increase in the chances of "winning" (i.e., greater likelihood of the desired outcome), but also an increase in the "costs" to the signaler (i.e., higher intensity behaviors require greater resources and risk to the signaler) (Price et al, 2004).…”

Section: Idioms Of Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

Nock

2008

Applied and Preventive Psychology

215

232

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The question of why some people do things that are intentionally harmful to themselves continues to puzzle scientists, clinicians, and the public. Prior studies have demonstrated that one fairly extreme, direct form of self-harm, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), is maintained by both automatic (i.e., intrapersonal) as well as social (i.e., interpersonal) reinforcement. However, the majority of theoretical and empirical papers on this topic focus almost exclusively on the automatic functions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the social functions of NSSI. Evidence is presented supporting the notion that NSSI is maintained by social reinforcement in at least a substantial minority of instances. Moreover, an elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of NSSI is outlined that proposes that this behavior represents a high intensity social signal used when less intense communication strategies fail (e.g., speaking, yelling, crying). The model further proposes that NSSI can serve not only as a signal of distress that is reinforced primarily by the caregiving behavior it elicits from others, but that it also can serve as a signal of strength and fitness that is reinforced by warding off potential threats (e.g., peer victimization), and in some cases can strengthen affiliation with others. Support for this theoretical model is drawn from diverse literatures including psychology, evolutionary biology, and cultural anthropology. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for empirical tests of the proposed model of the social functions of NSSI, as well as other harmful behaviors such as alcohol and drug use.

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Section: Behavior As Communicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Idioms Of Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

Nock

2008

Applied and Preventive Psychology

215

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In humans, income-based status comparisons replicate the rank-based comparisons that determine status in non-human primates. Although the IDS response promoted peaceful relations in our groupliving past (Price, Gardner and Erickson, 2004), in contemporary societies the IDS response carries maladaptive consequences. Experiences of defeat are associated with affective disorders in humans (Siddaway et al, 2015) and non-human primates (Shively, Laber-Laird and Anton, 2000), further suggesting that psychological distress among lower-income people results from rank-based status comparisons that instigate feelings of inferiority and defeat.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Income and Status Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive role of income (material position) and income rank (psychosocial position) in psychological distress: a 9-year longitudinal study of 30,000 UK parents

Garratt

Chandola

Purdam

et al. 2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Aggression and other maladaptive antisocial behaviors may result from failure to be appropriately guided by the social cues of others (Blair, 2003a;Montagne et al 2005;Walker and Leister, 1994). Some have suggested that distress-related cues, particularly fearful expressions, play an important role in inhibiting antisocial behavior (Blair, 2001;Nichols, 2001;Price, 2004). Accordingly, many studies find impairments in processing distress-related cues among antisocial populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: A meta-analysis

Marsh

Blair

2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

736

618

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Individuals with disorders marked by antisocial behavior frequently show deficits in recognizing displays of facial affect. Antisociality may be associated with specific deficits in identifying fearful expressions, which would implicate dysfunction in neural structures that subserve fearful expression processing. A meta-analysis of 20 studies was conducted to assess: (a) if antisocial populations show any consistent deficits in recognizing six emotional expressions; (b) beyond any generalized impairment, whether specific fear recognition deficits are apparent; and (c) if deficits in fear recognition are a function of task difficulty. Results show a robust link between antisocial behavior and specific deficits in recognizing fearful expressions. This impairment cannot be attributed solely to task difficulty. These results suggest dysfunction among antisocial individuals in specified neural substrates, namely the amygdala, involved in processing fearful facial affect. KeywordsFacial affect; fearful expression; antisocial; amygdala; psychopathy; emotion; meta-analysis Processing facial affect is crucial for socialization and normal social interaction (Corden et al. 2006;Fridlund, 1991). Aggression and other maladaptive antisocial behaviors may result from failure to be appropriately guided by the social cues of others (Blair, 2003a;Montagne et al. 2005;Walker and Leister, 1994). Some have suggested that distress-related cues, particularly fearful expressions, play an important role in inhibiting antisocial behavior (Blair, 2001;Nichols, 2001;Price, 2004). Accordingly, many studies find impairments in processing distress-related cues among antisocial populations. Not all studies find this impairment, however. It is unclear whether these inconsistencies result from disparate methodologies, sample populations, or analytic techniques, or, alternately, from the absence of a strong relationship between fearful affect processing and antisociality. Better understanding of facial affect recognition deficits associated with antisociality would permit more precise hypotheses to be formulated regarding neurocognitive correlates of antisocial behavior. We thus conducted this meta-analysis to assess associations between antisociality and facial affect recognition deficits. We hypothesized that, beyond any general facial affect recognition deficits, antisocial individuals show specific deficits in processing fearful expressions. We also hypothesized that such deficits are not solely attributable to task difficulty.*Address correspondence to: Abigail Marsh, Ph.D., Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Email: marsha@mail.nih.gov; Tel: (301) Fax: (301) 402−6353. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it ...

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Can depression, anxiety and somatization be understood as appeasement displays?

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

The interactive role of income (material position) and income rank (psychosocial position) in psychological distress: a 9-year longitudinal study of 30,000 UK parents

Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: A meta-analysis

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