Can Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders “Hear” a Speaking Face?

Irwin, Julia; Tornatore, Lauren A.; Brancazio, Lawrence; Whalen, D. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01619.x

Cited by 110 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As opposed to reporting the fused percept, participants with ASDs more often reported the auditory token (compared with TD individuals), a finding also consistent with prior work (Mongillo et al, 2008;Irwin et al, 2011). It is important to note here that differences in illusory McGurk percepts between individuals with and without ASDs could be attributable to differences is either lip reading or impaired face processing, characteristics that have been associated with ASDs (Gelder et al, 1991;Deruelle et al, 2004;Smith and Bennetto, 2007). However, in the current data, such differences would also be seen in visual-only conditions in which the participants are required to both attend faces and read lips, and results from these conditions showed striking similarities across diagnostic groups, reinforcing that the differences are likely the result of atypical multisensory processing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…First, these findings may be applicable in other populations that show atypical temporal processing and multisensory integration, including developmental dyslexia (Hairston et al, 2005;BastienToniazzo et al, 2009) and schizophrenia (Davalos et al, 2002;de Gelder et al, 2003). Second, the link between multisensory temporal processing and multisensory perceptual binding in TD can be seen across but not within studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, research has revealed changes in the manner in which individuals with ASDs combine information across the different sensory modalities. One example of this altered multisensory processing is a reduced susceptibility to the McGurk effect (Gelder et al, 1991;Smith and Bennetto, 2007), where pairing discordant visual and auditory speech-related cues typically results in reports of a novel percept reflecting the synthesis of the two sensory channels (McGurk and MacDonald, 1976). Individuals with ASDs also show less efficient integration with non-language stimuli, both behaviorally and neurally (Brandwein et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensory Temporal Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2014

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The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include sensory disturbances in addition to the well-established language, communication, and social deficits. One sensory disturbance seen in ASD is an impaired ability to integrate multisensory information into a unified percept. This may arise from an underlying impairment in which individuals with ASD have difficulty perceiving the temporal relationship between cross-modal inputs, an important cue for multisensory integration. Such impairments in multisensory processing may cascade into higher-level deficits, impairing day-to-day functioning on tasks, such as speech perception. To investigate multisensory temporal processing deficits in ASD and their links to speech processing, the current study mapped performance on a number of multisensory temporal tasks (with both simple and complex stimuli) onto the ability of individuals with ASD to perceptually bind audiovisual speech signals. High-functioning children with ASD were compared with a group of typically developing children. Performance on the multisensory temporal tasks varied with stimulus complexity for both groups; less precise temporal processing was observed with increasing stimulus complexity. Notably, individuals with ASD showed a speech-specific deficit in multisensory temporal processing. Most importantly, the strength of perceptual binding of audiovisual speech observed in individuals with ASD was strongly related to their low-level multisensory temporal processing abilities. Collectively, the results represent the first to illustrate links between multisensory temporal function and speech processing in ASD, strongly suggesting that deficits in low-level sensory processing may cascade into higher-order domains, such as language and communication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensory Temporal Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2014

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“…For example, developing animals and humans who are deprived of early visual input exhibit neural and behavioral deficits in multisensory integration (36,37). Similarly, children with autism spectrum disorder who tend to pay less attention to people's faces during early development (38) exhibit audiovisual speech integration deficits later in childhood (39)(40)(41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech

Lewkowicz

Hansen-Tift

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

421

591

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The mechanisms underlying the acquisition of speech-production ability in human infancy are not well understood. We tracked 4-12-mo-old English-learning infants' and adults' eye gaze while they watched and listened to a female reciting a monologue either in their native (English) or nonnative (Spanish) language. We found that infants shifted their attention from the eyes to the mouth between 4 and 8 mo of age regardless of language and then began a shift back to the eyes at 12 mo in response to native but not nonnative speech. We posit that the first shift enables infants to gain access to redundant audiovisual speech cues that enable them to learn their native speech forms and that the second shift reflects growing native-language expertise that frees them to shift attention to the eyes to gain access to social cues. On this account, 12-mo-old infants do not shift attention to the eyes when exposed to nonnative speech because increasing native-language expertise and perceptual narrowing make it more difficult to process nonnative speech and require them to continue to access redundant audiovisual cues. Overall, the current findings demonstrate that the development of speech production capacity relies on changes in selective audiovisual attention and that this depends critically on early experience.human infants | multisensory perception | speech acquisition | cognitive development

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“…There is currently some debate in the literature about differences in multisensory integration as indexed by McGurk perception. Some groups have found that TD subjects have increased McGurk perception compared with ASD subjects 27,36 , while others have found that ASD subjects had higher McGurk perception 37 . Some of these discrepancies may be explained by differences in the McGurk stimulus used in each study.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Baum

Stevenson

Wallace

2015

JoVE

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In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are now recognized as a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our ability to perceive and interact with the external world is rooted in sensory processing. For example, listening to a conversation entails processing the auditory cues coming from the speaker (speech content, prosody, syntax) as well as the associated visual information (facial expressions, gestures). Collectively, the "integration" of these multisensory (i.e., combined audiovisual) pieces of information results in better comprehension. Such multisensory integration has been shown to be strongly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the paired stimuli. Thus, stimuli that occur in close temporal proximity are highly likely to result in behavioral and perceptual benefits -gains believed to be reflective of the perceptual system's judgment of the likelihood that these two stimuli came from the same source. Changes in this temporal integration are expected to strongly alter perceptual processes, and are likely to diminish the ability to accurately perceive and interact with our world. Here, a battery of tasks designed to characterize various aspects of sensory and multisensory temporal processing in children with ASD is described. In addition to its utility in autism, this battery has great potential for characterizing changes in sensory function in other clinical populations, as well as being used to examine changes in these processes across the lifespan. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Can Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders “Hear” a Speaking Face?

Cited by 110 publications

References 21 publications

Multisensory Temporal Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Multisensory Temporal Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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