Can breast cancer be stopped? Modifiable risk factors of breast cancer among women with a prior benign or premalignant lesion

Abstract

Physical inactivity, high postmenopausal body mass index, alcohol consumption and use of menopausal hormone therapy are established risk factors for breast cancer.Less is known about whether these factors influence the risk of progression of benign and premalignant breast lesions to invasive breast cancer. This registry-based cohort study was based on women with a precancerous lesion who were followed for breast cancer. The cohort consisted of 11 270 women with a benign lesion, 972 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 2379 women with carcinoma in situ diagnosed and treated after participation in BreastScreen Norway, 2006-2016. Information on breast cancer risk factors was collected by a questionnaire administered with the invitation letter. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between breast cancer and physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and menopausal hormone therapy, adjusted for age. During follow-up, 274 women with a benign lesion, 34 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 118 women with carcinoma in situ were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.We observed an increased risk of breast cancer associated with use of menopausal hormone therapy for women with a benign or premalignant lesion. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking showed suggestive increased risk of breast cancer among women with a benign lesion. We were only to a limited degree able to identify associations between modifiable risk factors of breast cancer and the disease among women with a precancerous lesion, and a larger study is needed to confirm or refute associations.

Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study

“…Moreover, Li et al found that high body mass index, alcohol use, and high fasting plasma glucose were risk factors of breast cancer-caused mortality [ 15 ]. In parallel, a registry-based cohort study in Norway showed that alcohol use and tobacco smoking were associated with higher risk of breast cancer for women with benign breast diseases [ 23 ]. Up to now, it has been identified multiple modifiable risk factors of breast cancer including alcohol, obesity, younger age of menarche, older age of menopause, fewer childbearing, fewer breastfeeding, lower physical activity, and unhealthy lifestyles such as high fat consumption and low intakes of fruits, vegetables, and grains [ 24 ].…”

Expression of Tansketolase TKTL1 in Iraqi Breast Cancer Females

“…GAPDH gene was used as housekeeping gene in this study, Table (1) refer to primers sequences TKTL1 (11). GAPDH( 12)…”

“…Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed among women worldwide, it is a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level (1). and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women around the world and in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society, 268,600 women have been diagnosed with breast cancer.…”

Association of Healthy Diet and Physical Activity With Breast Cancer: Lifestyle Interventions and Oncology Education

“…Several studies have depicted the association between daily physical activity and better health outcomes which further reduce the risk of lifestyle-based risk factors for cancer ( 75 , 78 – 81 ). The findings have revealed that physical exercise also lowers the chances of recurrence and is associated with a longer life expectancy in survivors ( 75 , 82 , 83 ). Although there is no direct link between physical activity and cancer risk reduction, however, the multiple interconnected physiological processes, which include sex hormones, insulin resistance and insulin levels, inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokines, are believed to be involved in lowering the risk of tumorigenesis ( 84 – 86 ).…”