Can Basic Medical Insurance Reduce Elderly Family Income Inequality in China?

Pu, Xiaohong; Wang, Yilong; Zhang, Weike; Zeng, Ming

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.838733

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Expenditure is significantly and negatively correlated with health, as the more items and amounts a household spends, the less it must spend on savings and investments, the less it is able to invest in health and fight disease, and the more it is vulnerable to health risks ( 42 ). In addition, medical insurance is significantly and positively correlated with health, and medical insurance has the function of defusing and hedging health risk ( 43 ). Building structure is positively correlated with health, firstly because a safer housing structure indicates a higher level of household income and the ability to cope with disease crises ( 44 ), and secondly because households with a safe housing structure can withstand the risks to human health caused by climatic disasters and environmental degradation ( 45 ).…”

Section: Empirical Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household clean energy consumption and health: Theoretical and empirical analysis

Liang

Chandio

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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The impact of energy consumption on health has become a widely debated topic around the world. However, much of the current research on this topic lacks a theoretical basis. As a result, this paper employs both theoretical and empirical analysis to investigate the impact of household clean energy consumption on residents' health. First, based on the theories of health economics and energy economics, this paper believes that the usage of clean energy can improve the health of residents. Then, the sample for this study is comprised of data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and the Order Probit Model is applied for the empirical analysis. The outcomes of basic regression, robustness testing, and the treatment of endogenous factors reveal that the usage of clean energy has greatly benefited the health of residents. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis shows that long-term use of clean energy greatly improved the health of non-religious people and had a more pronounced impact on the health of women and low-income residents. In addition, the mechanistic analysis indicates that subjective happiness and air quality played a partial mediating role in the impact of cleaner energy consumption on health. Finally, cleaner household energy reduced the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, lung disease, asthma, and depression. The conclusion of this paper supports the view of some existing literature, and several policy recommendations are made based on the research findings.

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Section: Empirical Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household clean energy consumption and health: Theoretical and empirical analysis

Liang

Chandio

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…The average life expectancy is a key indicator to measure the health level of the residents of a region, a country, or a nation. It can clearly reflect the quality of life of a society and is also an important embodiment of common prosperity (Pu et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Comprehensive Evaluation Index System For Cplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common prosperity level evaluation: A comprehensive method based on probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, prospect theory, and TOPSIS

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionCommon prosperity is a major research project in China, and the scientific measurement and evaluation of common prosperity is very important.MethodsIn this study, firstly, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the common prosperity level (CPL). We then develop an evaluation model of CPL based on prospect theory, probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, and the TOPSIS method, wherein we use a probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) to describe the uncertainty and complexity of the assessment process. Above all, we use prospect theory to reflect the preferences of experts to meet the unique needs for the evaluation of common prosperity. Moreover, we apply the proposed evaluation index system and model to evaluate the CPL of Zhejiang Province, China's first common prosperity demonstration zone, as an example to conduct relevant research. The advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the sensitivity and comparative analysis.ResultsThe findings prove that the application of the new PLTS evaluation framework in CPL assessment is robust.DiscussionWe propose specific suggestions for improving the development of common prosperity.

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“…Health shock is widely defined as sudden health deterioration caused by diseases or accidents (11,36). Some previous studies used self-reported health (37), sickness in the past 4 weeks (37) and hospitalization in the past year (38), the proportion of medical expenditures (39) and other indicators as standards. However, the measurement of these indicators did not subdivide the types of health shocks.…”

Section: Independent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control variables were mainly selected from personal and family characteristics according to previous literature (36,37,39). The level of personal characteristics included: (1) The age of the respondents (age) was a continuous variable; (2) Marital status (marry) was a binary variable.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health shocks, basic medical insurance and common prosperity: Based on the analysis of rural middle-aged and elderly groups

Zhang

Sun

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Health is a major part of human welfare. The index system of common prosperity was constructed for middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas. Besides, the impart of health shocks and rural basic medical insurance on common prosperity was explored. The data for this study came from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) in 2013, 2015, and 2018. The finding shows that health shocks hindered the improvement of the common prosperity of the middle-aged and elderly in rural areas, among which daily activities produced the greatest negative effect. The heterogeneity analysis shows that health shocks have a stronger negative effect on the common prosperity of low-income groups than that of high-income ones. The shock of daily activity ability has the greatest influence on the middle-aged and elderly between 45 and 55 years old. However, acute health shocks have a strong negative effect on those aged above 56. The mechanism analysis shows that rural basic medical insurance can alleviate the health shocks to middle-aged and elderly people, but the effect is limited. In general, low-income groups benefit more. Therefore, China should speed up the promotion of the Healthy China Strategy and the reform of the rural basic medical insurance system, and prompt changes from an inclusive to a targeted policy to provide more precise safeguards for vulnerable groups.

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Can Basic Medical Insurance Reduce Elderly Family Income Inequality in China?

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Household clean energy consumption and health: Theoretical and empirical analysis

Household clean energy consumption and health: Theoretical and empirical analysis

Common prosperity level evaluation: A comprehensive method based on probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, prospect theory, and TOPSIS

Health shocks, basic medical insurance and common prosperity: Based on the analysis of rural middle-aged and elderly groups

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