Camphor Intoxication After Cao Gío (Coin Rubbing)

Adverse effects of aromatherapy: A systematic review of case reports and case series

“…The total number of patients who experienced AEs of aromatherapy was 71. The included articles originated from: Australia, [13,20,47] Austria, [30,31] Belgium, [35] Canada, [36] Finland, [32] France, [33,38] Germany, [12,25,43] Holland, [21,22,48] India, [50] Israel, [45] Italy, [11,24] Morocco, [9] New Zealand, [34] Sweden, [27] Switzerland, [15,42] Thailand, [14] Turkey, [10,39] UK [17-19, 23, 26, 37, 40, 41, 49] and the US [16,28,29,44,46]. They were published between 1983 and 2011.…”

“…Fourteen reports did not provide details of clinical outcomes [13,14,18,21,23,25,30,32,37,38,[46][47][48]. The duration of AEs ranged from 48 hours [20] to one year [28] Six patients required hospitalization [16,20,28,35,[40][41][42]. In two cases skin grafts were needed [28,40].…”

Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Traumatic Socioethnic Practices

“…Gua sha/cao gio (coining) is a common practice among Asian cultures, particularly those originating in the southeastern region of the continent . Gua sha is a therapeutic form of dermabrasion employed to relieve local and systemic ailments by releasing excess “wind” . Coining practice dictates the area must be lubricated with various oils, ointments, and balms prior to abrasion .…”

“…Gua sha is a therapeutic form of dermabrasion employed to relieve local and systemic ailments by releasing excess “wind” . Coining practice dictates the area must be lubricated with various oils, ointments, and balms prior to abrasion . Force with spoons, coins, or other ovoid‐type objects is applied to the surface of the skin .…”

“…Coining practice dictates the area must be lubricated with various oils, ointments, and balms prior to abrasion . Force with spoons, coins, or other ovoid‐type objects is applied to the surface of the skin . Results of intentional frictioning include transitory ecchymosis, appearance of petechiae, and local edema .…”