Camouflaging Nanoparticles with Brain Metastatic Tumor Cell Membranes: A New Strategy to Traverse Blood–Brain Barrier for Imaging and Therapy of Brain Tumors

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most fatal intracranial tumors with no effective treatment. The drug concentration in tumor sites is usually insufficient to reach therapeutic levels, due to poor blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) permeability and short biological half‐life. Inspired by the proneness of those malignant tumors to brain metastasis, a brain metastatic tumor cell membrane‐coated nanocarrier with core–shell structure is constructed to cross BBB for imaging and photothermal therapy of early brain tumors. The cell membranes as the shell are extracted from different metastatic tumor cells, which endow the nanoparticles with BBB‐crossing ability and long circulation. Indocyanine green (ICG)‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle as the core allows fluorescence imaging and phototherapy of brain tumors. The as‐prepared biomimetic nanoparticles display superb BBB penetration and effective suppression of tumor growth. These findings suggest the biomimetic nanotechnology provides a new insight for the design of BBB‐crossing nanomaterials and is promising to treat brain diseases.

Construction of nanomaterials as contrast agents or probes for glioma imaging

“…Biomimetic nanocarriers bind cell surface receptors on the brain endothelial cells to mediate the transcytosis of nanoparticles across BBB. Reprint with permission [ 104 ]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH.…”

“…Copyright 2018, Wiley–VCH. Reprint with permission [ 49 , 104 , 170 , 207 ]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH.…”

Advancements in the Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanoplatforms for Brain Related Disease Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications

“…Furthermore, successful photothermal therapy achieved on Au NPs by exposing the 808-nm laser, present combination therapy that significantly improved therapeutic efficiency. Very recently, Wang et al fabricated the cancer cell membrane camouflaged ICG-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (B16-PCL-ICG or 4T1-PCL-ICG) was constructed for treating early brain tumors via imaging and photothermal therapy [ 74 ]. As shown in Figure 4 , the cell membrane camouflaged NPs exhibited a significantly higher accumulation at the tumor site by crossing the BBB than bare NPs, which was confirmed by stronger fluorescence signals that were observed in the brain of mice at 8 h. B16-PCL-ICG NPs could efficiently inhibit the glioma tumor growth under 808-nm laser irradiation mediated via PTT.…”

“…( B ) Quantitative fluorescence signal intensity in the brain. Reproduced with permission from Reference [ 74 ].…”

Cancer Cell Membrane Technology for Cancer Therapy

“…[41][42][43] Another method involves the use of membrane protein extraction buffer from the commercially available kits and the alternate freeze-thaw steps by dipping cells in liquid nitrogen for 10-15 minutes. [44,45] In both methods, the cell lysates and other cell debris are centrifuged down at lower rpm values (typically 3000-5000 rpm). Finally, the supernatant containing cell membrane fractions were centrifuged down at very high rpm (80000-100000 rpm).…”