Calorimetric method for measuring high ultrasonic power using water as a heating material

Kikuchi, Takamichi; Uchida, Takeyoshi

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/279/1/012012

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The acoustic power (P) of the transducers was determined following standard calorimetric procedure by measuring the increase in water temperature (ΔT) of 800 mL demineralized water over exposure time (Δt) using the equation (e.g., [12,13]): P = cwater × Mwater × ∆T/∆t, in which cwater is the heat capacity of water (4.18 J·g…”

Section: Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Lürling

Tolman

2014

Water

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Abstract:We tested the hypothesis that ultrasound in controlling cyanobacteria and algal blooms is "environmental friendly" by exposing the non-target zooplankton grazer Daphnia magna to ultrasound produced by commercially available ultrasound transducers. In populations of 15 Daphnia (~2 mm body size) exposed in 800 mL of water to ultrasound supplied at 20 kHz, 28 kHz, 36 kHz or 44 kHz, all animals were killed between 10 min (44 kHz) and 135 min (20 kHz). Differently sized Daphnia (0.7-3.2 mm) were all killed between 4 and 30 min when exposed to 44 kHz. Increasing water volumes up to 3.2 L and thus lowering the ultrasound intensity did not markedly increase survival of Daphnia exposed to 44 kHz ultrasound. A tank experiment with six 85 L tanks containing a mixture of green algae, cyanobacteria and D. magna was performed to study the effect of ultrasound over a longer time period (25 d). In controls, when Daphnia flourished, algal biomass dropped and the water became clear. In contrast, in ultrasound treatments, Daphnia abundance was extremely low releasing phytoplankton from grazing control, which resulted in high phytoplankton biomass. Hence, we conclude that ultrasound from commercially available transducers sold to clear ponds, aquaria and small reservoirs, OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 3248 should not be considered environmentally friendly and cannot be viewed as efficient in controlling phytoplankton.

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Section: Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Lürling

Tolman

2014

Water

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“…Foams are not suitable media for making these acoustic measurements. Water was used to perform the calibration . Although the calorimetric method applied in water does not provide the same acoustic energy released during the foaming process, this method can give an idea of the equivalent acoustic intensities generated at different pulsed ultrasonic modes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size of Sclerosing Foams Prepared by Ultrasound, Mechanical Agitation, and the Handmade Tessari Method for Treatment of Varicose Veins

Critello

Fiorillo

Matula

2017

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives-Sclerotherapy is a therapeutic method used in the treatment of varicose veins and works by occluding damaged blood vessels with a chemical solution.Foam sclerotherapy is an attractive treatment because the results are more effective than those obtained by using liquid sclerosants. However, serious neurologic complications, which are likely related to air embolism, have been reported after treatment with foams generated by the handmade method (Tessari technique) most often used clinically. We present an alternative ultrasonic technique for preparation of sclerosing foams to treat varicose veins.Methods-Three methods of foam generation were compared: ultrasound, mechanical agitation, and Tessari techniques.Results-Optical microscopic analyses showed that low-frequency ultrasound can generate foams with smaller bubble distributions compared to those produced by handmade and mechanical agitation methods: 98% of the bubble population was less than 55 6 10 lm for sonicated foams (mean 6 SD, 19 6 1.8 lm; maximum bubble size, <138.3 6 32.5 lm), 196.7 6 38.2 lm for mechanically agitated foams (mean, 37.1 6 10.6 lm; maximum bubble size, <350 6 70.9 lm), and 211.7 6 20.8 lm for handmade foams (mean, 30.8 6 3.8 lm; maximum bubble size, <445 6 32.8 lm).Conclusions-Low-frequency ultrasonic foam generation yields smaller bubbles and more uniform size distributions than other investigated methods. These properties may reduce serious adverse events reported for sclerotherapy of varicose veins, increasing the safety of foam treatment.

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“…Thus by measuring the thermal energy delivered to the medium as a function of ultrasonic irradiation time, a calorimetric method for determining ultrasonic power (ultrasonic energy per unit time) is achieved [13,14]. Therefore, most of the energy of the ultrasound irradiated into a medium will be absorbed by the medium and be converted into thermal energy.…”

Section: Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methods in Sonochemistry

Asakura

2015

Sonochemistry and the Acoustic Bubble

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Calorimetric method for measuring high ultrasonic power using water as a heating material

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Size of Sclerosing Foams Prepared by Ultrasound, Mechanical Agitation, and the Handmade Tessari Method for Treatment of Varicose Veins

Experimental Methods in Sonochemistry

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